ArticleSpinal cord2019
Understanding and modelling the economic impact of spinal cord injuries in the United Kingdom.
Article in Spinal cord, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Current Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Shock Wave Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review.Cells · 2026Pooled it
- Spinal cord stimulation to manage autonomic dysfunction after spinal cord injury: a systematic review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Impact of Spinal Cord Injury on Costs and Health-Related Quality of Life.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2024Pooled it
- Cervical spine immobilisation following blunt trauma in pre-hospital and emergency care: A systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Experimental Treatments for Oedema in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cells · 2021Pooled it
- Observational
- Tibolone Administration Is Associated with Enhanced Motor Recovery and Decreased Cell-Specific NOX2 and NOX4 Immunoreactivity in a Rat Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Rehospitalization Burden Profiles After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Data-Driven Latent Class Analysis of the SCIMS Public-Use Database.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of (sub)acute rehabilitation services for spinal cord injury: a retrospective cohort analysis.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- Article
- Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Promotes Spinal Cord Injury Recovery by Regulating Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Design Recommendations for Virtual Reality-Based Upper Limb Exercises From People With Tetraplegia and Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Specialists: Focus Group Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2026Article
- Biologically-constrained spiking neural network for neuromodulation in locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Nursing interventions using digital technologies on individuals with spinal cord injuries: an integrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Spinal cord injury research and national institutes of health funding: a call to action.Spinal cord · 2026Article
- Development and Evaluation of a Persian-Language Self-Management Mobile Application for People With Spinal Cord Injury.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Predicting inpatient rehabilitation length of stay for adults with traumatic spinal cord injury.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2025Article
- Stakeholders and Contextual Factors in the Implementation of Assistive Robotic Arms for Persons With Tetraplegia: Deductive Content Analysis of Focus Group Interviews.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2025Article
- Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
designEconomic modelling analysis.
objectivesTo determine lifetime direct and indirect costs from initial hospitalisation of all expected new traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI) over 12 months.
settingUnited Kingdom (UK).
methodsIncidence-based approach to assessing costs from a societal perspective, including immediate and ongoing health, rehabilitation and long-term care directly attributable to SCI, as well as aids and adaptations, unpaid informal care and participation in employment. The model accounts for differences in injury severity, gender, age at onset and life expectancy.
resultsLifetime costs for an expected 1270 new cases of SCI per annum conservatively estimated as £1.43 billion (2016 prices). This equates to a mean £1.12 million (median £0.72 million) per SCI case, ranging from £0.47 million (median £0.40 million) for an AIS grade D injury to £1.87 million (median £1.95 million) for tetraplegia AIS A-C grade injuries. Seventy-one percent of lifetime costs potentially are paid by the public purse with remaining costs due to reduced employment and carer time.
conclusionsDespite the magnitude of costs, and being comparable with international estimates, this first analysis of SCI costs in the UK is likely to be conservative. Findings are particularly sensitive to the level and costs of long-term home and residential care. The analysis demonstrates how modelling can be used to highlight economic impacts of SCI rapidly to policymakers, illustrate how changes in future patterns of injury influence costs and help inform future economic evaluations of actions to prevent and/or reduce the impact of SCIs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.