Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31086233›Full record

Observational studyScientific reports2019

Individual differences in working memory capacity and cue-guided behavior in humans.

Sara Garofalo, Simone Battaglia, Giuseppe di Pellegrino

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Reduced Pavlovian Value Updating Alters Decision-Making in Sign-Trackers.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
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  5. Article
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  7. Cortical Beta Power Reflects the Influence of Pavlovian Cues on Human Decision-Making.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
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  15. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sara GarofaloCentre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. sara.garofalo@unibo.it.
Simone BattagliaCentre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4133-654X
Giuseppe di PellegrinoCentre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7080-4758

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Information gathered via Pavlovian and Instrumental learning can be integrated to guide behavior, in a phenomenon experimentally known as Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT). In particular, in appetitive PIT, a reward-associated cue is able to enhance the instrumental response previously associated with the same (outcome-specific PIT), or a similar (general PIT), reward. The PIT effect is increasingly investigated for its numerous implications in clinical contexts as well as daily life situations. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism behind it is not yet clear. The relation between the PIT effect and high-level cognitive abilities - like working memory - is still unknown, but potentially relevant to unveil its functioning. The present study aims to examine the precise relationship between individual differences in working memory and the two forms of PIT effect, namely outcome-specific and general. For this purpose, 100 participants underwent a classical PIT paradigm. Results showed a relationship between individual working memory and outcome-specific PIT, but not general PIT. Importantly, the role of working memory was not related to the acquisition of the learning contingencies, but rather linked to an imbalance between congruent and incongruent choices. The results are discussed in terms of the adaptive and maladaptive implications for human behavior.

Indexed as

CuesIndividualityRewardAdultConditioning, ClassicalConditioning, OperantFemaleHumansMaleMemory, Short-TermTransfer, PsychologyYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID31086233
PMCPMC6514037

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.