ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2019
Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana consumption is associated with increased odds of same-day substance co- and tri-use.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The association between recreational cannabis use and posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and methodological critique of the literature.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Pooled it
- A meta-regression of methodological features that predict the effects of medications on the subjective response to alcohol.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Pooled it
- Reductions in cigarette and cannabis use during a randomized clinical trial for alcohol use disorder.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2026Trial
- Effects of cannabis use on alcohol consumption in a sample of treatment-engaged heavy drinkers in Colorado.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Trial
- Tri-use of alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine in daily life among young adults: A day-level comparison of substance use outcomes to dual-use and alcohol-only use occasions.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- A Bayesian Learning Model for Joint Risk Prediction of Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorders.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- Redefining Recovery: The Expanding Cannabis Landscape and Its Implications for the California Sober Approach in Addiction.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2026Article
- Risky Drinking in Midlife Men: Insights From Australia's National Drug Strategy Household Survey.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Examining the Roles of Psychological Inflexibility and Distress Tolerance on Cigarette Dependence and Binge Drinking among Individuals who Co-use Cannabis for Therapeutic Purposes.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2025Article
- Daily patterns of single and poly-substance use among adolescent and young adult females: A day-level latent class analysis.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Age-period-cohort analysis of past 12-month cannabis use in Germany (1995-2021).Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Typologies of Maternal Substance Use in Pregnancy: Latent Classes and Sociodemographic Correlates in a U.S. Sample.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
- Rates and correlates of simultaneous use and mixing of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis among adults who currently use alcohol and tobacco.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- An ecological momentary assessment study of predictors for alcohol outcomes in transgender and gender diverse youth.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Peer Victimization in Childhood and Timing of Substance Use Initiation: Evidence from a Twin Study.Behavior genetics · 2025Article
- Associations of alternative cannabis product use and poly-use with subsequent illicit drug use initiation during adolescence.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Comparison of Risk Factors for Habitual Substance Use Among Adolescents in Korea by Maternal Nationality: Analysis of 18th and 19th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (2022 and 2023).Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impulsivity Facets, Social Norms, and Co-Use of Alcohol and Cannabis.Journal of drug issues · 2025Article
- Multi-Modal Cannabis Use Among U.S. Young Adults: Findings from the 2022 and 2023 BRFSS in 23 States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- The need to consider other substance use and the heterogeneity of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use occasions: A commentary on Farrelly et al.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about event-level patterns of marijuana co- or tri-use with alcohol and tobacco. Thus, the study goal was to examine patterns of same-day alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana co- and tri-use at the individual level in non-treatment-seeking alcohol users.
methodsParticipants (N = 551) completed an in-person interview for alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use over the previous 30 days, and the event-level substance use patterns of n = 179 participants who reported using each of these substances at least once per month were analyzed.
resultsThe use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes independently increased the probability of subsequent, simultaneous co-use of one of the two remaining substances. The co-use of alcohol with cigarettes and marijuana with cigarettes produced generally additive effects on the odds of same day tri-use of marijuana and alcohol, respectively. Conversely, the co-use of alcohol and marijuana produced sub-additive effects on likelihood of cigarette use. Sex moderated several of the observed patterns of co- and tri-use: the relationship between alcohol or cigarette use predicting marijuana co-use was stronger in men, whereas the observed additive relationships between drug co-use leading to tri-use was stronger in women.
conclusionsThe presented results may aid in the understanding of how simultaneous co-use of marijuana with alcohol and/or tobacco relates to the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of comorbid and trimorbid substance use disorder. Replication and extension of the results in treatment seeking populations using more fine-grained analysis approaches, e.g. ecological momentary assessment, is needed.
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