Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31085340›Full record

ArticleJournal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer2019

Long-Term Follow-Up of Ground-Glass Nodules After 5 Years of Stability.

Hyun Woo Lee, Kwang-Nam Jin, Jung-Kyu Lee, Deog Kyeom Kim, Hee Soon Chung, Eun Young Heo, Seung Ho Choi

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  10. [Expert Consensus on Precision Management of Pulmonary Nodules (2026 Version)].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2026
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8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hyun Woo LeeDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
Kwang-Nam JinDepartment of Radiology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
Jung-Kyu LeeDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
Deog Kyeom KimDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
Hee Soon ChungDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
Eun Young HeoDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: eunyoungheo@gmail.com.
Seung Ho ChoiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSmall ground-glass nodules (GGNs) or those with an indeterminate risk on low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) of the chest are recommended at 5-year follow-up, but the rationale for follow-up beyond 5 years is unclear.

methodsAn observational study was conducted to investigate the natural course of GGNs that had been stable for 5 years by LDCT over 10 years. All eligible GGNs were detected during regular health checkups. Baseline characteristics were compared between GGNs with and without growth. Risk factors for GGN growth were evaluated.

resultsA total of 208 GGNs were detected in 160 participants. GGN growth was identified in 27 (13.0%) GGNs during a follow-up of 136 months on LDCT scans. In approximately 95% of these GGNs, the initial size was less than 6 mm, with 3.2 mm of growth over 8.5 years. Biopsies were performed in 3 of 27 GGNs, revealing adenocarcinoma. In 8 of 27 cases, GGN growth preceded the development of a new solid component. In a multivariate analysis, bubble lucency (p = 0.001), a history of cancer other than lung cancer (p = 0.036), and development of a new solid component (p < 0.001) were significant risk factors for GGN growth.

conclusionsGGNs should not be ignored, even when smaller than 6 mm and stable for 5 years, especially when a new solid component appears during follow-up.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overDisease ProgressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansLung NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTime FactorsDiagnostic imagingFollow-up studyGround-glass noduleSubsolid noduleX ray computed tomography

Identifiers

PMID31085340

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.