ArticleExperimental neurology2019
The accumulation of T cells within acellular nerve allografts is length-dependent and critical for nerve regeneration.
Article in Experimental neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulation of the regenerative microenvironment within acellular nerve allografts using tacrolimus improves nerve regeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Application strategies of autologous and decellularized nerve grafts: Structural and functional recovery.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Use of processed nerve allograft to relieve pain and restore function in individuals with painful upper limb neuroma-a case series of five individuals.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Porous Decellularized Nerve Grafts Facilitate Recellularization and Nerve Regeneration in a Rat Model of Critical Long-Gap Peripheral Nerve Injury.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Unraveling the immune system's role in peripheral nerve regeneration: a pathway to enhanced healing.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Absence of T-box transcription factor 21 limits neuromuscular junction recovery after nerve injury inFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Limited Nerve Regeneration across Acellular Nerve Allografts (ANAs) Coincides with Changes in Blood Vessel Morphology and the Development of a Pro-Inflammatory Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Novel artificial nerve transplantation of human iPSC-derived neurite bundles enhanced nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.Inflammation and regeneration · 2024Article
- Adipose stem cells in tissue regeneration and repair: From bench to bedside.Regenerative therapy · 2023Review
- Research status of facial nerve repair.Regenerative therapy · 2023Review
- Pleiotrophin-Neuregulin1 promote axon regeneration and sorting in conduit repair of critical nerve gap injuries.Research square · 2023Article
- A feasibility study transplanting macrophages to a segmental nerve injury.Muscle & nerve · 2023Article
- Preparation and assessment of an optimized multichannel acellular nerve allograft for peripheral nerve regeneration.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- Loss of Gata1 decreased eosinophils, macrophages, and type 2 cytokines in regenerating nerve and delayed axon regeneration after a segmental nerve injury.Experimental neurology · 2023Article
- Acellular Nerve Allografts in Major Peripheral Nerve Repairs: An Analysis of Cases Presenting With Limited Recovery.Hand (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- What is Operative? Conceptualizing Neuralgia: Neuroma, Compression Neuropathy, Painful Hyperalgesia, and Phantom Nerve Pain.Journal of hand surgery global online · 2023Review
- Local delivery of FK506 to a nerve allograft is comparable to systemic delivery at suppressing allogeneic graft rejection.PloS one · 2023Article
- The Grasping Test Revisited: A Systematic Review of Functional Recovery in Rat Models of Median Nerve Injury.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- The primary macrophage chemokine, CCL2, is not necessary after a peripheral nerve injury for macrophage recruitment and activation or for conditioning lesion enhanced peripheral regeneration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Repair of traumatic nerve injuries can require graft material to bridge the defect. The use of alternatives to bridge the defect, such as acellular nerve allografts (ANAs), is becoming more common and desired. Although ANAs support axon regeneration across short defects (<3 cm), axon regeneration across longer defects (>3 cm) is limited. It is unclear why alternatives, including ANAs, are functionally limited by length. After repairing Lewis rat nerve defects using short (2 cm) or long (4 cm) ANAs, we showed that long ANAs have severely reduced axon regeneration across the grafts and contain Schwann cells with a unique phenotype. But additionally, we found that long ANAs have disrupted angiogenesis and altered leukocyte infiltration compared to short ANAs as early as 2 weeks after repair. In particular, long ANAs contained fewer T cells compared to short ANAs. These outcomes were accompanied with reduced expression of select cytokines, including IFN-γ and IL-4, within long versus short ANAs. T cells within ANAs did not express elevated levels of IL-4, but expressed elevated levels of IFN-γ. We also directly assessed the contribution of T cells to regeneration across nerve grafts using athymic rats. Interestingly, T cell deficiency had minimal impact on axon regeneration across nerve defects repaired using isografts. Conversely, T cell deficiency reduced axon regeneration across nerve defects repaired using ANAs. Our data demonstrate that T cells contribute to nerve regeneration across ANAs and suggest that reduced T cells accumulation within long ANAs could contribute to limiting axon regeneration across these long ANAs.
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