Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31084916›Full record

ArticleJournal of the National Medical Association2019

Black Light Smokers: How Nicotine Intake and Carcinogen Exposure Differ Across Various Biobehavioral Factors.

Gideon St Helen, Neal L Benowitz, Jasjit S Ahluwalia, Rachel F Tyndale, Newton Addo, Steven E Gregorich, Eliseo J Pérez-Stable, Lisa Sanderson Cox

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the National Medical Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

Gideon St HelenClinical Pharmacology Research Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education (CTCRE), University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: Gideon.Sthelen@ucsf.edu.
Neal L BenowitzClinical Pharmacology Research Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education (CTCRE), University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jasjit S AhluwaliaDepartments of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Medicine, Brown University School of Public Health and Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA.
Rachel F TyndaleCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
Newton AddoClinical Pharmacology Research Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Steven E GregorichDivision of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Eliseo J Pérez-StableDivision of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and Office of the Director, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA.
Lisa Sanderson CoxDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA.
San Francisco General Hospital · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USBrown University · USOffice of the Director · USUniversity of Kansas · USUniversity of Toronto · CA

Funding

RESOURCE CENTER FOR AGING RESEARCH IN DIVERSE POPULATIONP30AG015272 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI LEAH S KARLINER · 1997 to 2026
$19.5M
Research Support CoreP30DA012393 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ST.HELEN, GIDEON · 1999 to 2024
$17.1M
PHARMACOKINETICS &PHARMACODYNAMICS OF NICOTINER01DA002277 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BENOWITZ, NEAL L · 1985 to 2012
$6.3M
Helping African American Light Smokers QuitR01CA091912 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS MEDICAL CENTER · PI COX, LISA SANDERSON · 2001 to 2010
$5.6M
Mentoring Emerging Scientists for Careers in Substance Use ResearchR25DA035163 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Carmen L Masson, Gideon St.Helen · 2014 to 2026
$4.6M
PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF NICOTINER37DA002277 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO · PI BENOWITZ, NEAL L · 1993 to 2002
$1.6M
Liquid Chromatograph-Triple Quadrupole Mass SpectrometerS10RR026437 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JACOB, PEYTON · 2010 to 2010
$448k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA091912NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR026437NIA NIH HHS P30 AG015272NIDA NIH HHS P30 DA012393NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA002277NIDA NIH HHS R25 DA035163NIDA NIH HHS R37 DA002277
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe study objective was to identify biobehavioral variables associated with greater intake of nicotine and a tobacco carcinogen among Black light smokers who smoke 1 to 10 cigarettes per day (CPD).

methodsWe analyzed baseline data collected from 426 Black light smokers enrolled in Kick It at Swope III (KIS III), a smoking cessation trial for Black smokers. We examined differences in concentrations of tobacco biomarkers, including urinary total nicotine equivalents (TNE) and total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3)pyridyl-1-butanonol (NNAL; a human carcinogen), across gender, age, plasma nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), CPD, and measures of tobacco dependence, including time to first cigarette (TFC), using ANOVA.

resultsTobacco biomarker levels were significantly higher among those who smoked more CPD (6-10 vs 1-5 CPD) and those with greater reported physical dependence on tobacco. Concurrently, those who smoked 1-5 CPD smoked each cigarette more intensely than those who smoked 6-10 CPD. While we found no gender differences overall, among those who smoked 1-5 CPD, women had higher NNAL levels compared to men. The rate of nicotine metabolism, measured by the nicotine metabolite ratio, was not significantly related to TNE or NNAL levels.

conclusionAmong Black Light smokers, higher cigarette consumption and greater physical dependence-but not rate of nicotine metabolism, menthol use, or socioeconomic status-were associated with greater toxicant exposure and thus a likely increased risk of tobacco-related diseases. The lack of data on light smokers, and specifically on Blacks, make this observation important given the disproportionate burden of lung cancer in this population.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanSmokingAdultAgedAge FactorsBiomarkersCarcinogensCotinineFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNicotineNitrosaminesSex FactorsTobacco Products4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butan-1-olBiomarkersCarcinogensCotininehydroxycotinineNicotineNitrosaminesBlack smokersCarcinogen exposureCorrelates of exposureLight smokersNicotine

Identifiers

PMID31084916
PMCPMC6842416
OpenAlexW2944424848

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.