ArticleeLife2019
Influenza A virus surface proteins are organized to help penetrate host mucus.
Article in eLife, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- In silico analysis of pH stabilising mutations of hemagglutinin of influenza A virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Mucins and Respiratory Virus Infection.Annual review of virology · 2026Review
- The receptor landscape of influenza A viruses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- RELMα establishes a permissive environment for influenza virus infection through direct effects on lung epithelial cells.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Influenza.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Article
- An Inverse Transwell Assay for Airway Mucus Barrier Function Reveals both Virus- and Mucin-Specific Impacts on Infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sialic acids are a barrier to the entry of non-influenza orthomyxoviruses.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Filamentous morphology of influenza A virus confers enhanced stability in aerosols.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Programming DNA machines to move.Nature reviews. Chemistry · 2026Review
- Engineered mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies enhance mucosal immunity against respiratory pathogens.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- Antigen flexibility supports the avidity of hemagglutinin-specific antibodies at low antigen densities.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Chronology of H3N2 human influenza virus surface glycoprotein adaptation from 1968 to 2019 reveals a surge of adaptation between 1997 and 2002.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Comparative characterization of bronchial and nasal mucus reveals key determinants of influenza A virus inhibition.mSphere · 2025Article
- Implications of morphological variation in influenza viruses.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Enhanced visualization of influenza A virus entry into living cells using virus-view atomic force microscopy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Virion motility of sialoglycan-cleaving respiratory viruses.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Morphology-dependent entry kinetics and spread of influenza A virus.The EMBO journal · 2025Article
- Haptotactic Motion of Multivalent Vesicles Along Ligand-Density Gradients.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) enters cells by binding to sialic acid on the cell surface. To accomplish this while avoiding immobilization by sialic acid in host mucus, viruses rely on a balance between the receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin (HA) and the receptor-cleaving protein neuraminidase (NA). Although genetic aspects of this balance are well-characterized, little is known about how the spatial organization of these proteins in the viral envelope may contribute. Using site-specific fluorescent labeling and super-resolution microscopy, we show that HA and NA are asymmetrically distributed on the surface of filamentous viruses, creating a spatial organization of binding and cleaving activities that causes viruses to step consistently away from their NA-rich pole. This Brownian ratchet-like diffusion produces persistent directional mobility that resolves the virus's conflicting needs to both penetrate mucus and stably attach to the underlying cells, potentially contributing to the prevalence of the filamentous phenotype in clinical isolates of IAV.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.