ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2019
SMRT sequencing revealed the diversity and characteristics of defective interfering RNAs in influenza A (H7N9) virus infection.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of genomic characteristics for antiviral influenza defective interfering particle prioritization.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Longitudinal analysis of influenza A virus deletion-containing viral genomes reveals key determinants of co-evolutionary dynamics and interference.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Nasal RNA-scaffold-protein vaccine protects mice from human H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus lethal infection and safeguards against vaccine-unmatched viruses.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Live-cell single-vRNP imaging identifies viral gene expression signatures that shape influenza infection heterogeneity.Cell systems · 2026Article
- Classification, functions, evolution, and applications of defective viral genomes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal analysis of influenza A virus deletion-containing viral genomes reveals key determinants of co-evolutionary dynamics and interference.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Cryptic proteins translated from deletion-containing viral genomes dramatically expand the influenza virus proteome.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Cryptic proteins translated from deletion-containing viral genomes dramatically expand the influenza virus proteome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Lassa virus NP DEDDh 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity is required for optimal viral RNA replication and mutation control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Influenza A virus coinfection dynamics are shaped by distinct virus-virus interactions within and between cells.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Identification and Characterization of Defective Viral Genomes in Ebola Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Reovirus RNA recombination is sequence directed and generates internally deleted defective genome segments during passage.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Long-Reads-Based Metagenomics in Clinical Diagnosis With a Special Focus on Fungal Infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Composition and Dynamics of H1N1 and H7N9 Influenza A Virus Quasispecies in a Co-infected Patient Analyzed by Single Molecule Sequencing Technology.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- RNA-seq accuracy and reproducibility for the mapping and quantification of influenza defective viral genomes.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Low pathogenic avian influenza virus isolates with different levels of defective genome segments vary in pathogenicity and transmission efficiency.Veterinary research · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza defective interfering (DI) particles are replication-incompetent viruses carrying large internal deletion in the genome. The loss of essential genetic information causes abortive viral replication, which can be rescued by co-infection with a helper virus that possesses an intact genome. Despite reports of DI particles present in seasonal influenza A H1N1 infections, their existence in human infections by the avian influenza A viruses, such as H7N9, has not been studied. Here we report the ubiquitous presence of DI-RNAs in nasopharyngeal aspirates of H7N9-infected patients. Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) sequencing was first applied and long-read sequencing analysis showed that a variety of H7N9 DI-RNA species were present in the patient samples and human bronchial epithelial cells. In several abundantly expressed DI-RNA species, long overlapping sequences have been identified around at the breakpoint region and the other side of deleted region. Influenza DI-RNA is known as a defective viral RNA with single large internal deletion. Beneficial to the long-read property of SMRT sequencing, double and triple internal deletions were identified in half of the DI-RNA species. In addition, we examined the expression of DI-RNAs in mice infected with sublethal dose of H7N9 virus at different time points. Interestingly, DI-RNAs were abundantly expressed as early as day 2 post-infection. Taken together, we reveal the diversity and characteristics of DI-RNAs found in H7N9-infected patients, cells and animals. Further investigations on this overwhelming generation of DI-RNA may provide important insights into the understanding of H7N9 viral replication and pathogenesis.
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