ReviewViruses2019
The Antigenic Topology of Norovirus as Defined by B and T Cell Epitope Mapping: Implications for Universal Vaccines and Therapeutics.
Review in Viruses, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization of high affinity IgM and IgG monoclonal antibodies against norovirus variants GII.4 and GII.17.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- Structural and genetic analysis of neutralizing antibodies reveals mechanisms of GII.4 norovirus antigenic evolution.Research square · 2026Article
- Variable and conserved B cell epitopes of GII.4 human noroviruses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- GII.17 norovirus re-emerged in the 2020s as a result of dynamic and adaptive evolutionary processes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Design and evaluation of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against human norovirus using an immunoinformatics approach.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2025Article
- Integrated in-silico design and in vivo validation of multi-epitope vaccines for norovirus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Patterns of the within-host evolution of human norovirus in immunocompromised individuals and implications for treatment.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- INTRA- AND INTER-HOST EVOLUTION OF HUMAN NOROVIRUS IN HEALTHY ADULTS.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Epidemiological Features of Human Norovirus Genotypes before and after COVID-19 Countermeasures in Osaka, Japan.Viruses · 2024Article
- Predicting Dominant Genotypes in Norovirus Seasons in Japan.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Mapping human norovirus antigens during infection reveals the breadth of the humoral immune response.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Linear epitopes on the capsid protein of norovirus commonly elicit high antibody response among past-infected individuals.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Immunoinformatic prediction of potential immunodominant epitopes from cagW in order to investigate protection against Helicobacter pylori infection based on experimental consequences.Functional & integrative genomics · 2023Article
- Infant antibody and B-cell responses following confirmed pediatric GII.17 norovirus infections functionally distinguish GII.17 genetic clusters.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Serological surveillance of GI norovirus reveals persistence of blockade antibody in a Jidong community-based prospective cohort, 2014-2018.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Long Term Norovirus Infection in a Patient with Severe Common Variable Immunodeficiency.Viruses · 2022Article
- Cross-reactive neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies mapping to variable antigenic sites on the norovirus major capsid protein.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- A luciferase-based approach for measuring HBGA blockade antibody titers against human norovirus.Journal of virological methods · 2021Article
- Review
- Antigenic cartography reveals complexities of genetic determinants that lead to antigenic differences among pandemic GII.4 noroviruses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Vaccine design has been confounded by the antigenic diversity of these viruses and a limited understanding of protective immunity. We reviewed 77 articles published since 1988 describing the isolation, function, and mapping of 307 unique monoclonal antibodies directed against B cell epitopes of human and murine noroviruses representing diverse Genogroups (G). Of these antibodies, 91, 153, 21, and 42 were reported as GI-specific, GII-specific, MNV GV-specific, and G cross-reactive, respectively. Our goal was to reconstruct the antigenic topology of noroviruses in relationship to mapped epitopes with potential for therapeutic use or inclusion in universal vaccines. Furthermore, we reviewed seven published studies of norovirus T cell epitopes that identified 18 unique peptide sequences with CD4- or CD8-stimulating activity. Both the protruding (P) and shell (S) domains of the major capsid protein VP1 contained B and T cell epitopes, with the majority of neutralizing and HBGA-blocking B cell epitopes mapping in or proximal to the surface-exposed P2 region of the P domain. The majority of broadly reactive B and T cell epitopes mapped to the S and P1 arm of the P domain. Taken together, this atlas of mapped B and T cell epitopes offers insight into the promises and challenges of designing universal vaccines and immunotherapy for the noroviruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.