ArticleLupus science & medicine2019
Outcome of participants with nephrotic syndrome in combined clinical trials of lupus nephritis.
Article in Lupus science & medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcome of Patients With Lupus Nephritis Treated With an Anti-CD40 Monoclonal Antibody According to Kidney Biopsy Features.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Trial
- Early risk stratification in lupus nephritis based on established prognostic factors: association with outcomes under triple therapy.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Performance of Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in Identifying Renal Histopathology and Predictors of One-Year Renal Outcome in Lupus Nephritis-A Single Centre Study from India.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Association of Lupus Nephritis Histopathologic Classification With Venous Thromboembolism-Modification by Age at Biopsy.Kidney international reports · 2021Article
- String of successful trials in SLE: have we cracked the code?Lupus science & medicine · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe outcome of participants with nephrotic syndrome in clinical trials of lupus nephritis has not been studied in detail.
methodsCollated data from two randomised controlled trials in lupus nephritis, Lupus Nephritis Assessment of Rituximab (LUNAR) and A Study to Evaluate Ocrelizumab in Patients With Nephritis due to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (BELONG) were analysed. Nephrotic syndrome was defined as albumin <3 g/dL and urine protein/creatinine ratio ≥3.5 g/g at start of trial. Renal response was defined as a first morning urine protein/creatinine ratio ≤0.5 g/g in addition to ≤25% increase in creatinine from trial entry assessed at week 48. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of nephrotic syndrome with renal response while adjusting for treatment received and ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use.
results28 (26%) participants with nephrotic syndrome achieved renal response as compared with 130 (52.5%) of those without (p<0.001). Having nephrotic syndrome at baseline significantly lowered the likelihood of achieving renal response (OR 0.32, 95 % CI 0.19 to 0.54, p<0.001). 125 (80%) participants achieved resolution of their nephrotic syndrome in a median time of 16 weeks.
conclusionsNephrotic syndrome at baseline decreases the likelihood of renal response at 1 year. Longer clinical trials or better short-term predictors of long-term outcomes may better assess the effect of novel therapeutic approaches on subjects with nephrotic syndrome.
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