ReviewThe Journal of biological chemistry2019
Face-time with TAR: Portraits of an HIV-1 RNA with diverse modes of effector recognition relevant for drug discovery.
Review in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thermodynamic prediction of RNA cellular activity from sequence via conformational ensembles.Cell · 2026Article
- Decoding the Structural Complexity of Viral RNAs with SHAPE to Guide Antiviral Therapeutics.Viruses · 2026Review
- Block-and-Lock Approaches for HIV Cure: Mechanistic Insights, Challenges, and Emerging Role of CPSF6.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Solid-Phase Synthesis Approaches and U-Rich RNA-Binding Activity of Homotrimer Nucleopeptide Containing Adenine Linked toInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- FUBP3 enhances HIV-1 transcriptional activity and regulates immune response pathways in T cells.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Structures of complete HIV-1 TAR RNA portray a dynamic platform poised for protein binding and structural remodeling.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Identifying small-molecules binding sites in RNA conformational ensembles with SHAMAN.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Bioinformatics Insights on Viral Gene Expression Transactivation: From HIV-1 to SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Solid Phase Synthesis and TAR RNA-Binding Activity of Nucleopeptides Containing Nucleobases Linked to the Side Chains via 1,4-Linked-1,2,3-triazole.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- HIV-1 Transcription Inhibition Using Small RNA-Binding Molecules.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- An RNA excited conformational state at atomic resolution.Nature communications · 2023Article
- A Novel Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Assay for the Discovery of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of HIV-1 Tat-Regulated Transcription.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Variations in the Abortive HIV-1 RNA Hairpin Do Not Impede Viral Sensing and Innate Immune Responses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Bis-3-Chloropiperidines Targeting TAR RNA as A Novel Strategy to Impair the HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Protein.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Affinity and Structural Analysis of the U1A RNA Recognition Motif with Engineered Methionines to Improve Experimental Phasing.Crystals · 2021Article
- The Dihydroquinolizinone Compound RG7834 Inhibits the Polyadenylase Function of PAPD5 and PAPD7 and Accelerates the Degradation of Matured Hepatitis B Virus Surface Protein mRNA.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Co-crystal structures of HIV TAR RNA bound to lab-evolved proteins show key roles for arginine relevant to the design of cyclic peptide TAR inhibitors.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Small molecules and short peptides that potently and selectively bind RNA are rare, making the molecular structures of these complexes highly exceptional. Accordingly, several recent investigations have provided unprecedented structural insights into how peptides and proteins recognize the HIV-1 transactivation response (TAR) element, a 59-nucleotide-long, noncoding RNA segment in the 5' long terminal repeat region of viral transcripts. Here, we offer an integrated perspective on these advances by describing earlier progress on TAR binding to small molecules, and by drawing parallels to recent successes in the identification of compounds that target the hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and the flavin-mononucleotide riboswitch. We relate this work to recent progress that pinpoints specific determinants of TAR recognition by: (i) viral Tat proteins, (ii) an innovative lab-evolved TAR-binding protein, and (iii) an ultrahigh-affinity cyclic peptide. New structural details are used to model the TAR-Tat-super-elongation complex (SEC) that is essential for efficient viral transcription and represents a focal point for antiviral drug design. A key prediction is that the Tat transactivation domain makes modest contacts with the TAR apical loop, whereas its arginine-rich motif spans the entire length of the TAR major groove. This expansive interface has significant implications for drug discovery and design, and it further suggests that future lab-evolved proteins could be deployed to discover steric restriction points that block Tat-mediated recruitment of the host SEC to HIV-1 TAR.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.