ArticleJournal of Korean Neurosurgical Society2019
Evaluation of Dimensions of Kambin's Triangle to Calculate Maximum Permissible Cannula Diameter for Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy : A 3-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based Study.
Article in Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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17 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Simulation-based anatomical feasibility of full-endoscopic transforaminal approach at the L5/S1 level using 3D-MRI/CT fusion imaging: influence of age, sex, and anatomical obstacles.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Anatomical assessment of the Kambin's triangle for percutaneous posterolateral transforaminal endoscopic surgery of lumbar intervertebral discs: a magnetic resonance imaging based study.Anatomy & cell biology · 2024Article
- Dimensions of bony Kambin's triangle pertaining to endoscopic procedure.Medical journal, Armed Forces India · 2024Article
- Access Pain During Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for Foraminal or Extraforaminal Disc Herniation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Evolution of the Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF): From Open to Percutaneous to Patient-Specific.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Using Augmented Reality Technology to Optimize Transfacet Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Case Report.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Comparison of bone reamer and trephine for foraminoplasty in percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy based on 3D slicer and Digimizer software.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- Two-Year Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes for Percutaneous Lumbar Interbody Fusion With an Expandable Titanium Cage Through Kambin's Triangle Without Facetectomy.International journal of spine surgery · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Surgical Indications for Full Endoscopic Discectomy at Lumbosacral Disc Levels Using Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance/Computed Tomography Fusion Images Created with Artificial Intelligence.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Kambin's triangle-related data based on magnetic resonance neurography and its role in percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2022Article
- Usefulness of 3D CT/MRI Fusion Imaging for the Evaluation of Lumbar Disc Herniation and Kambin's Triangle.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Morphological analysis of Kambin's triangle using 3D CT/MRI fusion imaging of lumbar nerve root created automatically with artificial intelligence.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2021Article
- A convenient and stable vertebrae instance segmentation method for transforaminal endoscopic surgery planning.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2021Article
- Cadaveric anatomy of the lumbar triangular safe zone of Kambin's in North West Indian population.Anatomy & cell biology · 2021Article
- [Lumbar transforaminal epidural block for treatment of low back pain with radicular pain].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2020Article
- Lumbar safety triangle: comparative study of coronal and coronal oblique planes in 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging.Radiologia brasileiraArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of Kambin's safe zone to calculate maximum cannula diameter permissible for safe percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy.
methodsFifty 3D MRIs of 19 males and 31 females (mean, 47 years) were analysed. Oblique, axial and sagittal views were used for image analysis. Three authors calculated the inscribed circle (cannula diameter) individually, within the neural (original) and bony Kambin's triangle in oblique views, disc heights on sagittal views and root to facet distances at upper and lower end plate levels on axial views and their averages were taken.
resultsThe mean root to facet distances at upper end plate level measured on axial sections increased from 3.42±3.01 mm at L12 level to 4.57±2.49 mm at L5S1 level. The mean root to facet distances at lower end plate level measured on axial sections also increased from 6.07±1.13 mm at L12 level to 12.9±2.83 mm at L5S1 level. Mean maximum cannula diameter permissible through the neural Kambin's triangle increased from 5.67±1.38 mm at L12 level to 9.7±3.82 mm at L5S1 level. The mean maximum cannula diameter permissible through the bony Kambin's triangle also increased from 4.03±1.08 mm at L12 level to 6.11±1 mm at L5S1 level. Only 2% of the 427 bony Kambin's triangles could accommodate a cannula diameter of 8mm. The base of the bony Kambin's triangle taken in oblique view (3D MRI) was significantly higher than the root to facet distance at lower end plate level taken in axial view.
conclusionThe largest mean diameter of endoscopic cannula passable through "bony" Kambin's triangle was distinctively smaller than the largest mean diameter of endoscopic cannula passable through "neural" Kambin's triangle at all levels. Although proximity of exiting root to the facet joint is always taken into consideration before PELD procedure, our 3D MRI based anatomical study is the first to provide actual maximum cannula dimensions permissible in this region.
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