ArticleTobacco control2020
Measuring e-cigarette addiction among adolescents.
Article in Tobacco control, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interventions to prevent or cease electronic cigarette use in children and adolescents.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) Guidance for the Management of Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping) in Adolescents and Adults.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2025Guideline
- Pooled it
- Intention and self-efficacy to quit e-cigarettes and cigarettes among California college students.Journal of American college health : J of ACH · 2026Article
- Pilot randomised controlled trial of an e-cigarette and tobacco use intervention for hospitalised youth.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Immigration-Related Sociopolitical Stress, Mental Health, and Tobacco Use Among Mexican American College Students.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Article
- Gender identity and cannabis use in Canada and the United States: cross-sectional analysis of the International Cannabis Policy Study.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Study protocol for a quasi-experimental investigation of the effectiveness of the 'CATCH My Breath' vaping prevention curriculum at preventing vaping outcomes among high school students in Ontario, Canada.BMC public health · 2026Article
- What is the Addictive Potential from Vaping?Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2026Article
- Genre-Specific Gaming Addiction and Flourishing in Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Cannabis use measurement: Identifying the optimal metric for broad research applications.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Observational
- Trends in Daily Nicotine Vaping and Unsuccessful Quit Attempts in Youths.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Vaping Among Malaysian Students 2022-2024: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Awareness and Influencing Factors.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2025Review
- The economic factors that determine smoking abstinence: a survival and mediation analysis.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Prevalence of adolescent dual tobacco use and its associated factors: findings from a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Help-seeking behaviours among cannabis consumers in Canada and the United States: Findings from the international cannabis policy study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Demographic Characteristics Associated With Adolescent Receipt of Provider E-Cigarette Screening and Advice and the Impact on Harm Perception.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- Why High Income Fails to Reduce E-Cigarette Use: The Knowledge-Attitude Paradox in the SMOKES Study.Open journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions About E-Cigarette Smoking Among Students in the Dental Fields in Jordan.International journal of dentistry · 2025Article
- Influence of electronic cigarette vapour on theBiomaterial investigations in dentistry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesWith high rates of use and uncertain consequences, valid electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use frequency and addiction measures for adolescents are needed. This cross-sectional study examined correlations for multiple measures of adolescent e-cigarette use with nicotine exposure quantified with salivary cotinine levels.
methodsAdolescents (N=173, age 13-18) who reported past-month e-cigarette use were recruited from the San Francisco Bay Area. Participants self-reported: (1) days of e-cigarette use in a typical month, (2) number of e-cigarette sessions in a typical day (sessions per day; SPD) and the (3) E-Cigarette Addiction Severity Index (EASI). Participants also completed the 10-item Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (ECDI), which we examined in full and as a 2-item Heaviness of Vaping Index (HVI; the sum of the ECDI items on use frequency and time to first vaping on wakening). Sessions per month (SPM) were calculated using days per month and SPD. Cotinine levels, SPD and SPM were log-transformed.
resultsAmong frequency measures, SPM correlated most strongly with cotinine (r=0.59), followed closely by days per month (r=0.58) and SPD (r
conclusionsAdolescents' reports of frequency of e-cigarette use and degree of addiction correlated significantly with cotinine as a biomarker of nicotine exposure. We recommend the EASI and days per month as brief general measures. SPM and the ECDI are more extensive measures that may yield a more nuanced understanding of use.
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Registered trials
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