ArticleParasites & vectors2019
Effect of larval density and substrate quality on the wing geometry of Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae).
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tramadol modulates Lucilia sericata development: clinical larval therapy and forensic insights.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- IsCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the wing cell contour to distinguish betweenCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Genetic and morphometric differentiation between two morphs ofCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Discovery of a new gall-inducing species,ZooKeys · 2024Article
- First insights into using outline-based geometric morphometrics of wing cell contours to distinguish three morphologically similar species ofCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Wing geometric morphometrics to distinguish and identifyInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2023Article
- Species Discrimination ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Wing Phenotypic Variation amongInsects · 2022Article
- Intraspecific variation in wing geometry amongFrontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn insects, oviposition decisions may lead to egg deposition in substrates with different larval density and nutritional levels. Individuals developing in such substrates may present plasticity in their phenotype. Here, we investigated the effect of two factors related to oviposition decisions, namely larval density and substrate quality, on the wing size and wing shape of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae).
methodsWe reared S. calcitrans larvae at different densities (5, 15 and 25) and on different substrates (camel, cow, donkey and sheep dung). For each fly that emerged, we recorded body weight, and detached, slide-mounted and photographed the right wing. Next, we collected 15 landmarks on each photographed wing, and applied geometric morphometric analysis to assess variation in wing size and wing shape of S. calcitrans across the different larval densities and substrate types.
resultsWe observed that wing size and wing shape of S. calcitrans were affected by larval density and the nature of the developmental substrate. Flies reared in a group of 5 had larger wing centroid size, wing length, wing width, wing area and wing loading compared with those reared in a group of 25. Also, flies developed in donkey and sheep dung had larger wing centroid size, wing length, wing width, wing area and wing loading in comparison with those grown in camel and cow dung. Canonical variate analysis followed by discriminant analysis revealed significant wing shape variation in S. calcitrans across the different densities and substrates. Wing size had a significant but weak positive effect on wing shape.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates the high sensitivity of S. calcitrans wings to variation in larval density and developmental substrate, and that use of landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis could improve our understanding of how flies of veterinary importance respond to environmental variability.
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