ArticleInvestigational new drugs2020
Pam
Article in Investigational new drugs, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor-intrinsic TLR4 signaling as a context-dependent rheostat in glioblastoma.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Toll-like receptors: versatile players in tumor.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances on the therapeutic potential of cell receptor activation in glioblastoma.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Kinin BInflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Article
- Tumor-promoting myeloid cells in the pathogenesis of human oncoviruses: potential targets for immunotherapy.Cancer cell international · 2022Review
- Toll-like receptors and toll-like receptor-targeted immunotherapy against glioma.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2021Review
- Characterization of a new glioblastoma cell line, GB-val4, with unusual TP53 mutation.Human cell · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive human brain tumor, and GBM stem cells (GSC) may be responsible for its recurrence and therapeutic resistance. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize multiple ligands (endogenous and pathogen-associated) and trigger the immune response of mature immune cells, are also expressed by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, where their activation results in the differentiation of these cells into myeloid cells. Since TLR expression has been recently described in neural cells, including neural stem cells, we studied TLR expression by GSCs and the effect of stimulation by TLR ligands on promoting GSC differentiation into mature GBM cells. First, our results showed heterogeneous TLR expression by GBM cells from human tumors and, for the first time, by human GSCs defined by their CD133
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.