ReviewCancer metastasis reviews2019
The role of carbonic anhydrase IX in cancer development: links to hypoxia, acidosis, and beyond.
Review in Cancer metastasis reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 238 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
238 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 425 citations in OpenAlex.
- High IntratumoralInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluation of the safety, biodistribution, dosimetry of [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Trial
- Design, synthesis and network pharmacology-integrated evaluation of benzenesulfonamides as potential Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1)-targeting anticancer candidates.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Dual-target carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in cancer therapy: progress, challenges, and opportunities.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026Review
- Spatial Mapping of the Precancer-to-Cancer Transition in Breast and Prostate.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- Progress in the application ofAnnals of nuclear medicine · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Paclitaxel Resistance: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Furagin Derivatives-Nitrofuran-Based Hydrazones as Potential Dual Inhibitors of Thioredoxin Reductase and Carbonic Anhydrases.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Discovery of indolylchalcone benzenesulfonamides as selective inhibitors of tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase IX and XII.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Usnic acid inhibits colorectal cancer liver metastasis by targeting CRYAB phosphorylation and inducing ferroptosis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Targeting the cancer metabolism-immunity interface: update and perspectives.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Hypoxic CA9-high mesenchymal-like glioma stem cells promote ANXA1-FPR1-dependent macrophage polarization in recurrent glioblastoma.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Expression patterns of carbonic anhydrase IX and immune response biomarkers in pediatric gliomas and glioneuronal tumors.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- A Color-Tuning Bioluminescent Sensor (AmyLuc) for Real-Time Monitoring of Intracellular pH Dynamics in Cancer Cells.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- The State of Imidazolone as an Evolving Pharmacophore: Current Progress and Clinical Significance in Oncology and AMR.ACS omega · 2026Review
- Sequential invasion assays identify carbonic anhydrase IX as a driver of invasiveness in epithelial triple-negative breast cancer cells.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Incidental Detection of a CAIX-avid Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma on 68 Ga-NY104 PET/CT During Evaluation of a Suspected Renal Mass.Clinical nuclear medicine · 2026Article
- Design and Synthesis of Bis-Triazole-Linked Benzenesulfonamides as Selective Carbonic Anhydrase IX/XII Inhibitors with Chemosensitizing Activity.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- A Review of Recent Advances in the Anticancer Mechanisms of Activity of Novel Thiazoles and 4-Thiazolidinones/Thiazolidinediones (2021-2025).Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Hypoxic CA9 variant as a potential prognostic marker in gastric and breast cancers.Scientific reports · 2026Article
178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer development is a complex process that follows an intricate scenario with a dynamic interplay of selective and adaptive steps and an extensive cast of molecules and signaling pathways. Solid tumor initially grows as an avascular bulk of cells carrying oncogenic mutations until diffusion distances from the nearest functional blood vessels limit delivery of nutrients and oxygen on the one hand and removal of metabolic waste on the other one. These restrictions result in regional hypoxia and acidosis that select for adaptable tumor cells able to promote aberrant angiogenesis, remodel metabolism, acquire invasiveness and metastatic propensity, and gain therapeutic resistance. Tumor cells are thereby endowed with capability to survive and proliferate in hostile microenvironment, communicate with stroma, enter circulation, colonize secondary sites, and generate metastases. While the role of oncogenic mutations initializing and driving these processes is well established, a key contribution of non-genomic, landscaping molecular players is still less appreciated despite they can equally serve as viable targets of anticancer therapies. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is one of these players: it is induced by hypoxia, functionally linked to acidosis, implicated in invasiveness, and correlated with therapeutic resistance. Here, we summarize the available experimental evidence supported by accumulating preclinical and clinical data that CA IX can contribute virtually to each step of cancer progression path via its enzyme activity and/or non-catalytic mechanisms. We also propose that targeting tumor cells that express CA IX may provide therapeutic benefits in various settings and combinations with both conventional and newly developed treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.