ArticleEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2019
Evaluation of Yanagihara facial nerve grading system based on a muscle fiber analysis of human facial muscles.
Article in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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- Three-Dimensional Quantification of Facial Morphology and Movements Using a Wearable Helmet.BioMed research international · 2022Article
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Abstract
purposeWe morphometrically analyzed human facial muscles, and evaluated the Yanagihara facial nerve grading system using our data.
methodsWe used 15 types of human facial muscle, 2 types of masticatory muscle and 2 types of skeletal muscle. The materials were obtained from 11 Japanese male cadavers aged 43-86 years. We counted the muscle fibers and measured the transverse area of the muscle fibers (TAMF), and then calculated the number of muscle fibers (NMF) per mm
resultsWe found a significant correlation between average TAMF and NMF (r = - 0.70; p < 0.01). We classified facial muscles into three types based on the correlational results. Type A had a low average TAMF and high NMF. Type C had a high average TAMF and low NMF. Masticatory and skeletal muscles were characterized as Type C. Type B was intermediate between Types A and C.
conclusionsPathological changes in the facial muscles in facial nerve palsy seem to vary according to the type of facial muscle, because each facial muscle has a unique fiber-type composition. As the nine discrete facial expressive states evaluated in the Yanagihara system involve all three facial muscle types of our classification, the Yanagihara system is an outstanding system for grading facial nerve palsy in terms of the facial muscle morphology.
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