Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31076828›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental management2019

Pharmaceutical Household Waste Practices: Preliminary Findings from a Case Study in Poland.

Justyna Rogowska, Agnieszka Zimmermann, Agnieszka Muszyńska, Wojciech Ratajczyk, Lidia Wolska

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental management, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  17. End-of-life management strategies of pharmaceuticals in Portuguese households.Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA · 2023
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Household Pharmaceutical Waste Disposal as a Global Problem-A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Justyna RogowskaDepartment of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa Str. 23A, Gdańsk, 80-204, Poland. justyna.rogowska@gumed.edu.pl.
Agnieszka ZimmermannDepartment of Medical and Pharmacy Law, Chair of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Tuwima Str. 15, Gdańsk, 80-210, Poland.
Agnieszka MuszyńskaDepartment of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa Str. 23A, Gdańsk, 80-204, Poland.
Wojciech RatajczykDepartment of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa Str. 23A, Gdańsk, 80-204, Poland.
Lidia WolskaDepartment of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa Str. 23A, Gdańsk, 80-204, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pharmaceutical consumption continues to grow constantly. Unused/expired pharmaceuticals are disposed of to the municipal sewage system or waste disposal. Consequently, many countries have implemented a system of collecting pharmaceutical waste, with pharmacies playing an important role. It is important to educate consumers on rational consumption and the appropriate disposal of unused/expired pharmaceuticals and to identify the level of public awareness. Two studies were conducted in Poland to estimate the problem of collection and disposal of expired/unused pharmaceuticals. The purpose of the Survey I was to identify the scale of pharmaceutical consumption and the way pharmaceuticals are disposed of by various social groups. The Survey II was aimed to identify patients' attitudes regarding expired/unused pharmaceuticals at home. Of the respondents who participated in in Survey I, almost 74% indicated that analgesics were among the over-the-counter drugs they purchased. Group of pharmaceuticals 65% of the respondents purchased were medicines for treating flu symptoms. Almost 68% of the respondents said they usually disposed of expired pharmaceuticals in their household waste or by flushing them down the toilet. In Survey II more than 35% reported that they disposed of pharmaceuticals in the same ways. Of all respondents, ~30% returned their expired pharmaceuticals to pharmacies. Most respondents (over 65%) who participated Survey I indicated that they were aware that pharmaceutical waste can be returned to pharmacies. It should be noted that local governments are currently not obliged by law to work with or compensate pharmacies in the collection and proper disposal of unused pharmaceuticals.

Indexed as

Pharmaceutical PreparationsRefuse DisposalAttitudeHumansLocal GovernmentPolandSurveys and QuestionnairesPharmaceutical PreparationsConsumer behaviourEnvironmental healthManagement of pharmaceutical wastePharmaceutical compounds

Identifiers

PMID31076828
PMCPMC6598946

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.