ArticleScientific reports2019
Apoptotic endothelial cells release small extracellular vesicles loaded with immunostimulatory viral-like RNAs.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated apoptotic extracellular vesicle-recruitment peptide coating reprograms the diabetic bone microenvironment and orchestrates enhanced implant osseointegration.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Towards a systematic understanding of the diverse subtypes, biogenesis and functions of large extracellular vesicles.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Apoptotic Bodies in Kidney Disease: Orchestrators of Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Repair.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Review
- Apoptotic-mimetic nanovesicles orchestrate immune-vascular-osteogenic crosstalk for critical-sized craniofacial bone regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Apoptotic metabolites synthesize and inherit uniqueBioactive materials · 2026Article
- Large extracellular vesicles and blebbisomes in cancer: emerging and translational opportunities highlights.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Endothelial extracellular vesicle miR-423-5p regulates microvascular homeostasis and renal function after ischemia-reperfusion injury.JCI insight · 2025Article
- The Extra-Tumoral Vaccine Effects of Apoptotic Bodies in the Advancement of Cancer Treatment.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Review
- Review
- Comparative Analysis of the Immunomodulatory Functions of Dental Follicle Stem Cells and Their Apoptotic Vesicles.Journal of stem cells & regenerative medicine · 2025Article
- Vascular injury derived apoptotic exosome-like vesicles trigger autoimmunity.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2024Article
- Cell damage shifts the microRNA content of small extracellular vesicles into a Toll-like receptor 7-activating cargo capable to propagate inflammation and immunity.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- In situ visualization of endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicle formation in steady state and malignant conditions.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Engineering strategies for apoptotic bodies.Smart medicine · 2024Review
- Oxidative stress-induced changes in the transcriptomic profile of extracellular vesicles.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- A temporal extracellular transcriptome atlas of human pre-implantation development.Cell genomics · 2024Article
- Pathologic function and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicle miRNA in sepsis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Does the interplay between human endogenous retrovirus K and extracellular vesicles contribute to aging?Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2023Article
- Advances in biological functions and applications of apoptotic vesicles.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Extracellular vesicles arising from apoptosis: forms, functions, and applications.The Journal of pathology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Endothelial cells have multifaceted interactions with the immune system, both as initiators and targets of immune responses. In vivo, apoptotic endothelial cells release two types of extracellular vesicles upon caspase-3 activation: apoptotic bodies and exosome-like nanovesicles (ApoExos). Only ApoExos are immunogenic: their injection causes inflammation and autoimmunity in mice. Based on deep sequencing of total RNA, we report that apoptotic bodies and ApoExos are loaded with divergent RNA cargos that are not released by healthy endothelial cells. Apoptotic bodies, like endothelial cells, contain mainly ribosomal RNA whereas ApoExos essentially contain non-ribosomal non-coding RNAs. Endogenous retroelements, bearing viral-like features, represented half of total ApoExos RNA content. ApoExos also contained several copies of unedited Alu repeats and large amounts of non-coding RNAs with a demonstrated role in autoimmunity such as U1 RNA and Y RNA. Moreover, ApoExos RNAs had a unique nucleotide composition and secondary structure characterized by strong enrichment in U-rich motifs and unstably folded RNAs. Globally, ApoExos were therefore loaded with RNAs that can stimulate a variety of RIG-I-like receptors and endosomal TLRs. Hence, apoptotic endothelial cells selectively sort in ApoExos a diversified repertoire of immunostimulatory "self RNAs" that are tailor-made for initiation of innate immune responses and autoimmunity.
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