Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31076275›Full record

ArticleNeuron2019

Gamma Entrainment Binds Higher-Order Brain Regions and Offers Neuroprotection.

Chinnakkaruppan Adaikkan, Steven J Middleton, Asaf Marco, Ping-Chieh Pao, Hansruedi Mathys, David Nam-Woo Kim, Fan Gao, Jennie Z Young, Ho-Jun Suk, Edward S Boyden and 2 more

9 registry-linked trialsAbstract readVideo-Audio Media
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neuron, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 9 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 259 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
259citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04042922 naactive not recruitingnot on this map

Acute Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease With Gamma Frequency Stimulation

TypeinterventionalSponsorMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyRan2019 to 2027Enrolled80ConditionsAlzheimer DiseaseArmsGENUS device (Active Settings), GENUS device (Sham Settings)
NCT04055376 naactive not recruitingnot on this map

Chronic Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease With Gamma Frequency Stimulation

TypeinterventionalSponsorMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyRan2019 to 2027Enrolled15ConditionsAlzheimer Disease, Alzheimer DementiaArmsGENUS device (Active Settings), GENUS device (Sham Settings)
NCT04515433 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Interventional Cross-over Study to Evaluate the Efficacy on Cognitive Performance of Alternating Current Brain Stimulation (tACS) in Patients Suffering From Neurodegenerative Diseases

TypeinterventionalSponsorAzienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di BresciaRan2020 to 2020Enrolled20ConditionsAlzheimer DiseaseArmsGamma tACS (40 Hz) over the superior parietal cortex
NCT04574921 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

ALZLIGHT Pilot: Study on Safety, Feasibility and Neural Activation of Non-Invasive Light Therapy System

TypeinterventionalSponsorZealand University HospitalRan2020 to 2022Enrolled16ConditionsAlzheimer DiseaseArmsLight Therapy System (LTS): Active setting, Light Therapy System (LTS): Sham setting
NCT04842955 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Interventional Cross-over Study to Evaluate the Modulators of Efficacy of Alternating Current Brain Stimulation (tACS) in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorAzienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di BresciaRan2021 to 2021Enrolled60ConditionsAlzheimer DiseaseArmsGamma tACS (40 Hz) over the superior parietal cortex, Sham tACS over the superior parietal cortex
NCT05260177 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

ALZLIGHT Stage III - Study on the Effect of 40 Hz Non-Invasive Light Therapy System

TypeinterventionalSponsorZealand University HospitalRan2022 to 2028Enrolled62ConditionsAlzheimer's DiseaseArmsLight Therapy System (LTS): Active Setting, Light Therapy System (LTS): Sham Setting
NCT05643326 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Markers of Clinical and Biological Response to Home Delivered Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorAzienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di BresciaRan2022 to 2024Enrolled53ConditionsAlzheimer DiseaseArms40 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation, Sham stimulation
NCT05680220 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

A Double-blinded, Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of 40 Hz Light Neurostimulation Therapy for Patients With Depression

TypeinterventionalSponsorKlaus MartinyRan2023 to 2027Enrolled60ConditionsMajor Depressive Disorder, Treatment Resistant DepressionArmsNeurostimulation System (NSS): Active Setting, Neurostimulation System (NSS): Sham Setting
NCT06346015 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy of Gamma Entrainment Stimulation for Cognitive Dysfunction After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorBeijing Tiantan HospitalRan2024 to 2025Enrolled60ConditionsSubarachnoid Hemorrhage, Aneurysmal, Cognitive DysfunctionArmsGamma Entrainment Stimulation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

259 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Gamma sensory stimulation in mild Alzheimer's dementia: An open-label extension study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Rhythmic stimulation elicits multiple, concurrent neural responses.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

199 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Chinnakkaruppan AdaikkanPicower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Steven J MiddletonLaboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Asaf MarcoPicower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Ping-Chieh PaoPicower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Hansruedi MathysPicower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
David Nam-Woo KimPicower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Fan GaoPicower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Jennie Z YoungPicower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Ho-Jun SukMcGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; MIT Media Lab, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Edward S BoydenDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; MIT Media Lab, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Thomas J McHughLaboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Li-Huei TsaiPicower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: lhtsai@mit.edu.

Funding

Demystifying Microglia in Aging and Alzheimer's DiseaseRF1AG054321 · NIA · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI DE JAGER, PHILIP L, LEVIN, JOSHUA ZVI · 2016 to 2016
$4.0M
Examination of neural circuits underlying mood disorders in Alzheimer?s diseaseRF1AG047661 · NIA · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI TSAI, LI-HUEI, TYE, KAY MAXINE · 2014 to 2014
$1.7M
NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG047661NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG054321
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuronal and synaptic loss is characteristic in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Recently, we showed that inducing gamma oscillations with visual stimulation (gamma entrainment using sensory stimuli, or GENUS) reduced amyloid plaques and phosphorylated tau in multiple mouse models. Whether GENUS can affect neurodegeneration or cognitive performance remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that GENUS can entrain gamma oscillations in the visual cortex, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex in Tau P301S and CK-p25 mouse models of neurodegeneration. Tau P301S and CK-p25 mice subjected to chronic, daily GENUS from the early stages of neurodegeneration showed a preservation of neuronal and synaptic density across multiple brain areas and modified cognitive performance. Our transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic data suggest that chronic GENUS shifts neurons to a less degenerative state, improving synaptic function, enhancing neuroprotective factors, and reducing DNA damage in neurons while also reducing inflammatory response in microglia.

Indexed as

AnimalsDisease Models, AnimalDNA DamageGamma RhythmGene Expression ProfilingHippocampusInflammationMiceMicrogliaNeurodegenerative DiseasesNeuronsNeuroprotectionPhosphoproteinsPhotic StimulationPrefrontal CortexProteomicsPhosphoproteins

Identifiers

PMID31076275
PMCPMC6697125

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

and 3 more above

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.