Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31076159›Full record

ArticleVaccine2019

Can pneumococcal meningitis surveillance be used to assess the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on total invasive pneumococcal disease? A case-study from South Africa, 2005-2016.

Jackie Kleynhans, Cheryl Cohen, Meredith McMorrow, Stefano Tempia, Penny Crowther-Gibson, Vanessa Quan, Linda de Gouveia, Anne von Gottberg, for GERMS-SA

Open access · greenAbstract readHistorical Article
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 33% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.

Jackie KleynhansCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa; South African Field Epidemiology Training Programme, NICD of the NHLS, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. Electronic address: jackiekleyn@gmail.com.
Cheryl CohenCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Meredith McMorrowInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA; Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa.
Stefano TempiaCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA; Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa.
Penny Crowther-GibsonDivision of Public Health Surveillance and Response, NICD of the NHLS, South Africa.
Vanessa QuanDivision of Public Health Surveillance and Response, NICD of the NHLS, South Africa.
Linda de GouveiaCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.
Anne von GottbergCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
for GERMS-SA
National Health Laboratory Service · ZACenters for Disease Control and Prevention · US

Funding

NCIRD CDC HHS U51 IP000528
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSouth Africa introduced seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in 2009 and PCV13 in 2011. We aimed to compare the estimated impact of PCV on pneumococcal meningitis (PM) to impact of PCV on total invasive pneumococcal disease (tIPD) based on risk reduction after PCV introduction.

methodsWe conducted national, laboratory-based surveillance for tIPD during 2005-2016. We estimated and compared rates of PCV13 and non-PCV13 serotype disease among tIPD and PM in individuals aged <5 years and ≥5 years, and compared these rates between the 2005-2008 pre-PCV introduction period and two time points after PCV introduction, 2012 and 2016.

resultsWe enrolled 45,853 tIPD cases; 17,251 (38%) were PM. By 2016, IPD caused by all serotypes decreased 55% (95%CI -57% to -53%) for tIPD, and 54% for PM (95%CI -58% to -51%), 0.7% difference between estimates (p = 0.7). No significant differences were observed between PCV7-serotype disease reduction in tIPD and PM in both age groups or the additional 6 serotypes included in PCV13 in <5 year olds in 2012 and 2016. In 2012 there was a significant difference between increases in non-PCV13 serotype disease in those ≥5 years for tIPD and PM (32% greater increase in PM, p < 0.001), but this difference was absent by 2016. There was a significant difference between the estimated decrease in additional PCV13 type disease in 2016 between tIPD and PM for those aged ≥5 years (28% greater reduction in PM, p = 0.008).

conclusionPM showed similar reductions to tIPD seven years after PCV introduction in vaccine serotype disease in those <5 years, and increases in non-vaccine serotype disease in all ages.

Indexed as

FemaleHeptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate VaccineHistory, 21st CenturyHumansIncidenceMaleMeningitis, PneumococcalPneumococcal VaccinesPublic Health SurveillanceSerogroupSouth AfricaStreptococcus pneumoniaeVaccines, ConjugateHeptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate VaccinePneumococcal VaccinesVaccines, ConjugateConjugate vaccineInvasive diseaseMeningitisStreptococcus pneumoniae

Identifiers

PMID31076159
PMCPMC7804388
OpenAlexW2944545343

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.