ArticleJournal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics2019
Evaluation of head impact exposure measured from youth football game plays.
Article in Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Head Games: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Examining Concussion and Head Impact Incidence Rates, Modifiable Risk Factors, and Prevention Strategies in Youth Tackle Football.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- Head Impact Research Using Inertial Sensors in Sport: A Systematic Review of Methods, Demographics, and Factors Contributing to Exposure.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- Correlating Magnetoencephalography, Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging, Biomechanics, and Neuropsychology in American Youth Football.Journal of neurotrauma · 2025Article
- Understanding Beliefs and Perceptions of Parents, Coaches, and Organizational Leaders toward Non-concussive Head Impact Exposure in Youth American Football.International journal of sports science & coaching · 2025Article
- International youth football research developments: A CiteSpace-based bibliometric analysis.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Protocol for COACH, an evidence-based intervention for improved head impact safety in youth American football developed using a community-engaged approach.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2024Article
- On-Field Evaluation of Mouthpiece-and-Helmet-Mounted Sensor Data from Head Kinematics in Football.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Characterization of Head Acceleration Exposure During Youth Football Practice Drills.Journal of applied biomechanics · 2023Article
- Longitudinal, prospective study of head impacts in male high school football players.PloS one · 2023Article
- Characterizing Exposure to Head Acceleration Events in Youth Football Using an Instrumented Mouthpiece.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2022Article
- On-Field Deployment and Validation for Wearable Devices.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2022Review
- Relationship between Aggressiveness, Self-Confidence, and Perceived Coach Support and Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Head biomechanics of video recorded falls involving children in a childcare setting.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Relationship Between Time-Weighted Head Impact Exposure on Directional Changes in Diffusion Imaging in Youth Football Players.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2021Article
- Head Impact Telemetry System's Video-based Impact Detection and Location Accuracy.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2020Article
- Subconcussive head impact exposure between drill intensities in U.S. high school football.PloS one · 2020Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThere is a growing body of literature informing efforts to improve the safety of football; however, research relating on-field activity to head impacts in youth football is limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare head impact exposure (HIE) measured in game plays among 3 youth football teams.
methodsHead impact and video data were collected from athletes (ages 10-13 years) participating on 3 youth football teams. Video analysis was performed to verify head impacts and assign each to a specific play type. Each play was categorized as a down, punt, kickoff, field goal, or false start. Kickoffs and punts were classified as special teams. Downs were classified as running, passing, or other. HIE was quantified by play type in terms of mean, median, and 95th percentile linear and rotational acceleration. Mixed-effects models were used to assess differences in acceleration among play types. Contact occurring on special teams plays was evaluated using a standardized video abstraction form.
resultsA total of 3003 head impacts over 27.5 games were analyzed and paired with detailed video coding of plays. Most head impacts were attributed to running (79.6%), followed by passing (14.0%), and special teams (6.4%) plays. The 95th percentile linear acceleration measured during each play type was 52.6g, 50.7g, and 65.5g, respectively. Special teams had significantly greater mean linear acceleration than running and passing plays (both p = 0.03). The most common kick result on special teams was a deep kick, of which 85% were attempted to be returned. No special teams plays resulted in a touchback, and one resulted in a fair catch. One-third of all special teams plays and 92% of all nonreturned kicks resulted in athletes diving toward the ball.
conclusionsThe results demonstrate a trend toward higher head impact magnitudes on special teams than for running and passing plays, but a greater number of impacts were measured during running plays. Deep kicks were most common on special teams, and many returned and nonreturned kicks resulted in athletes diving toward the ball. These results support policy changes to youth special teams plays, including modifying the yard line the ball is kicked from and coaching proper return technique. Further investigation into biomechanical exposure measured during game impact scenarios is needed to inform policy relevant to the youth level.
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