ArticleJournal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering2019
POU water filters effectively reduce lead in drinking water: a demonstration field study in flint, Michigan.
Article in Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Household Point-of-Use Faucet Filters for Lead Removal: Field Performance and User Experiences.ACS ES&T water · 2025Article
- Impact of orthophosphate on the solubility and properties of lead orthophosphate nanoparticles.Environmental science : water research & technology · 2024Article
- An evaluation of properly operated NSF/ANSI-53 Pb certified drinking water filters in Benton Harbor, MI.Journal of water and health · 2024Article
- Reviewing performance of NSF/ANSI 53 certified water filters for lead removal.Water research · 2023Review
- Article
- Recent advances and remaining barriers to the development of electrospun nanofiber and nanofiber composites for point-of-use and point-of-entry water treatment systems.Journal of hazardous materials advances · 2022Article
- Blood Lead Levels among Non-Occupationally Exposed Pregnant Women in Southern Thailand.Toxics · 2022Article
- Article
- Effectiveness of point-of-use and pitcher filters at removing lead phosphate nanoparticles from drinking water.Water research · 2021Article
- Lead service line identification: A review of strategies and approaches.AWWA water science · 2021Article
- Synthesis and characterization of stable lead (II) orthophosphate nanoparticle suspensions.Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A field study was conducted to test the effectiveness of faucet-mounted point of use (POU) water filters for removing high concentrations of lead in drinking water from premise plumbing sources and lead service lines (LSL). These filters were concurrently certified for total lead removal under NSF/ANSI Standard 53 (NSF/ANSI-53) and for fine particulate (Class I) reduction under NSF/ANSI Standard 42 (NSF/ANSI-42). In 2016, filtered and unfiltered drinking water samples were collected at over 345 locations in Flint, Michigan. Over 97% of filtered water samples contained lead below 0.5 µg/L. The maximum lead concentration in filtered water was 2.9 µg/L, well below the bottled water standard. The effectiveness of the POU activated carbon block filters in reducing lead concentrations, even above the 150 µg/L NSF/ANSI-53 challenge standard, is likely related to trapping particles due to the small effective pore size of the filters, in addition to ion-exchange or sorption removal of soluble lead. Properly installed and maintained POU filters, certified under both NSF/ANSI-53 (for total lead) and NSF/ANSI-42 (for fine particulate), can protect all populations, including pregnant women and children, by reducing lead in drinking water to levels that would not result in a significant increase in overall lead exposure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.