ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2019
Barriers and predictors of medication use for childhood ADHD: findings from a UK population-representative cohort.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Utilization of Mental Health Care Services Among Children and Adolescents with ADHD in Germany: Treatment Satisfaction and Factors Influencing Access.Journal of attention disorders · 2025Article
- Unpacking medication choices: Key factors influencing treatment decisions in children with newly diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Increased use of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drugs among children and adolescents with suicidal ideation: A real-world registry study in Japan.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Treatments with versus without medication for children with behavioural difficulties in clinical practice: an economic evaluation with observational data.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Observational
- ADHD symptom trajectories across childhood and early adolescence and risk for hypomanic symptoms in young adulthood.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Observational
- Long-term effect of pharmacological treatment on academic achievement of Norwegian children diagnosed with ADHD: a target trial emulation.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Observational
- Paternal intelligence affects school grades in children with and without ADHD - a register-based study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Research advances and future directions in female ADHD: the lifelong interplay of hormonal fluctuations with mood, cognition, and disease.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Review
- Metalinguistic and Reading Skills in a Sample of Colombian Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Rates of family history of autism and ADHD varies with recruitment approach and socio-economic status.The British journal of developmental psychology · 2024Article
- Predictors of contact with services for mental health problems among children with comorbid long-term physical health conditions: a follow-up study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- ADHD symptoms and diurnal cortisol in adolescents: The importance of comorbidities.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with ADHD with or without methylphenidate prescription at their first diagnostic assessment.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Article
- Article
- Maternal Sociodemographic Factors Are Associated with Methylphenidate Initiation in Children in the Netherlands: A Population-Based Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2021Article
- Examining Distinctive Working Memory Profiles in Chinese Children With Predominantly Inattentive Subtype of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and/or Reading Difficulties.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Utilization of Drugs for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Young Patients in China, 2010-2019.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeLittle is known about sociodemographic and clinical factors that predict and act as barriers to ADHD medication independently of symptom severity. We examined the proportion of children using medication for ADHD, age of initiation of medication, and predictors of medication use in a population-representative cohort.
methodsData from the Millennium Cohort Study on child ADHD, medication use for ADHD at age 14 (in 2014-2015) and child, parent and sociodemographic variables were collated. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors that predict medication use for ADHD (the main outcome measure), adjusting for symptom severity at age seven.
resultsThe weighted prevalence of ADHD was 3.97% (N = 11,708). 45.57% of children with ADHD (N = 305) were taking medication. The median age at initiation was 9 years (range 3-14). Male gender (AOR 3.66, 95% CI 1.75, 7.66) and conduct problems at age seven (AOR 1.24 95% CI 1.04, 1.47) and 14 predicted medication use at age 14 after adjusting for symptom severity.
conclusionsOur study is the first to assess predictors of medication whist adjusting for ADHD symptom severity. Girls with ADHD were less likely to be prescribed medication, even when they displayed similar ADHD symptom levels to boys. Conduct problems also predicted medication independently of ADHD symptoms. ADHD may be more often medicated in boys because clinicians may think a prototypical ADHD child is male, and perhaps conduct problems make boys more disruptive in the classroom, leading to boys being more often treated.
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