ArticleOncotarget2019
The glutamate release inhibitor riluzole increases DNA damage and enhances cytotoxicity in human glioma cells,
Article in Oncotarget, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of glutamate receptors in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Tumor-associated epilepsy and high expression of xCT shape the proteome of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Viral transformation of stem cells into cancer stem cells and tumor enhancement by immunoexcito-oncomodulation: Accumulating evidence that most cancers are virally induced and further altered to increase their aggressiveness.Surgical neurology international · 2026Article
- EGR1 Mediates Riluzole-Induced Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma via the Yap/p73-Bax Signaling Axis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The excitatory milieu in glioma: Mechanisms and therapeutic avenues.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Riluzole in Combination with mFOLFOX6 and Bevacizumab in Treating Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Phase I Clinical Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- Riluzole Enhancing Anti-PD-1 Efficacy by Activating cGAS/STING Signaling in Colorectal Cancer.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2025Article
- Repurposing riluzole as an anti-osteosarcoma agent.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma in rodents: A narrative review.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Cisplatin induces BDNF downregulation in middle-aged female rat model while BDNF enhancement attenuates cisplatin neurotoxicity.Experimental neurology · 2024Article
- Review
- Supramolecular Organization in Salts of Riluzole with Dihydroxybenzoic Acids-The Key Role of the Mutual Arrangement of OH Groups.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Review
- Riluzole: A neuroprotective drug with potential as a novel anti‑cancer agent (Review).International journal of oncology · 2021Review
- circ‑Grm1 promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via suppression of GRM1 expression by FUS.International journal of molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Review
- Revealing the Potential Application of EC-Synthetic Retinoid Analogues in Anticancer Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Neurogenesis and Neuroplasticity in Major Depression: Its Therapeutic Implication.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- In vitro modeling of glioblastoma initiation using PDGF-AA and p53-null neural progenitors.Neuro-oncology · 2020Article
- Repurposing Potential of Riluzole as an ITAF Inhibitor in mTOR Therapy Resistant Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeHigh-grade gliomas are lethal malignancies that cause morbidity and mortality due to local progression rather than metastatic spread. Our group has previously demonstrated that human GRM1 (hGRM1) is ectopically expressed in melanocytes leading to a transformed phenotype. Riluzole, a glutamate release inhibitor, leads to apoptotic cell death via DNA damage. Recent work has demonstrated the pathological significance of the related mGluR3/GRM3 (protein or gene: hGRM3) in gliomas. We evaluated the effect of riluzole on glioma cells. EXPERIMENTAL
designWestern blot analysis and immunofluorescence was performed to assess for GRM3 expression in commercially available and patient-derived glioma cells and for functional analysis of GRM3 using receptor agonist/antagonists and downstream effectors, ERK and AKT phosphorylation, as the read-out. Glutamate secretion by glioma cells was measured using ELISA. Flank and intracranial mouse xenograft models were used to assess growth delay with the glutamate release inhibitor, riluzole (RIL). Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate 53BP1 or γ-H2AX foci after RIL.
resultsGRM3 was expressed in most tested glioma samples, and strongly expressed in some. Glioma cells were found to secrete glutamate in the extracellular space and to respond to receptor stimulation by activating downstream ERK. This signaling was abrogated by pretreatment with RIL. Treatment with RIL caused an increase in DNA damage markers, and an increase in cellular cytotoxicity
conclusionsWe have demonstrated that pretreatment with the glutamate-release inhibitor riluzole sensitizes glioma cells to radiation and leads to greater cytotoxicity; these results have clinical implications for patients with glioblastoma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.