ReviewHaematologica2019
Thrombopoietin receptor agonists: ten years later.
Review in Haematologica, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06009497 (Romiplostim in Combination With Ciclosporin Versus Ciclosporin in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Non-severe Aplastic Anemia), which is not on this map. Cited by 192 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Romiplostim in Combination With Ciclosporin Versus Ciclosporin in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Non-severe Aplastic Anemia
Who cites it
192 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 374 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy and safety of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in solid tumors with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy and safety of rhTPO, romiplostim, and eltrombopag in the treatment of pediatric primary immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in solid tumors with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia: a meta-analysis.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2023Pooled it
- All-trans retinoic acid added to treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of hematology · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic literature review and meta-analysis on use of Thrombopoietic agents for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Romiplostim Versus Placebo in Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisPooled it
- Genetic variability in thrombopoietin receptor and GATA1 influences response to eltrombopag in dengue-induced thrombocytopenia.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive therapy versus cyclosporine combined with avatrombopag in older adults with severe aplastic anemia: a multicenter prospective study.Blood cancer journal · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy and safety of dapsone in adult primary immune thrombocytopenia.Blood advances · 2025Trial
- Long-term safety and efficacy of fostamatinib in Japanese patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia.International journal of hematology · 2025Trial
- Observation on the efficacy of TPO receptor agonists and platelet transfusion in chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in malignant tumors.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Trial
- Switching from eltrombopag to hetrombopag in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia: a post-hoc analysis of a multicenter, randomized phase III trial.Annals of hematology · 2024Trial
- Avatrombopag, a promising novel thrombopoietin receptor agonist for refractory/relapsed/intolerant non-severe aplastic anemia: a phase 2 single-arm clinical trial.Annals of medicine · 2023Trial
- Eltrombopag for Low-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes With Thrombocytopenia: Interim Results of a Phase II, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (EQOL-MDS).Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Trial
- A multicenter, randomized phase III trial of hetrombopag: a novel thrombopoietin receptor agonist for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2021Trial
- Impact of Anti-GPIIb/IIIa Antibody-Producing B Cells as a Predictor of the Response to Lusutrombopag in Thrombocytopenic Patients with Liver Disease.Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Trial
- Overuse of thrombopoietin receptor agonists driven by suboptimal response is associated with myelofibrosis in pediatric immune thrombocytopenia.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Real-world utilization of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in the italian hematopoietic stem cell transplantation setting: a comprehensive national survey by the Gruppo Italiano per il Trapianto di Midollo Osseo, Cellule Staminali Emopoietiche e Terapia Cellulare (GITMO).Bone marrow transplantation · 2026Article
- Review
132 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The two thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RA), eltrombopag and romiplostim, were licensed in the US for treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in 2008 and, since then, their use has progressively increased around the world; they are currently used in more than 100 countries. The six largest randomized controlled trials conducted in ITP have used one of these two agents. All studies have demonstrated a platelet response rate between 50-90%, depending on the criteria used, with good safety and tolerability. TPO-RA were shown to be effective in reducing bleeding and the need for concomitant or rescue medication. Many other investigations of their mechanism of effect, prospective and retrospective trials, and studies focusing on toxicity have been performed widening our knowledge of these two agents. Initial concerns on issues such as myelofibrosis have not been confirmed. Only a small number of patients develop moderate-severe reticulin fibrosis and/or collagen fibrosis; however, these are usually reversed after discontinuation of TPO-RA. Studies indicate, however, that TPO-RA may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. Both TPO-RA are currently approved in patients with chronic ITP aged >1-year who are refractory to at least one other treatment. Eltrombopag has acquired two additional indications: severe aplastic anemia refractory to first-line treatment and hepatitis C patients undergoing treatment with interferon-ribavirin. Despite these wide-ranging studies, important questions still need to be answered. This summary review on TPO-RA will summarize what is known regarding efficacy in ITP, evaluate safety concerns in more depth, and focus on the questions that remain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.