Observational studyJournal of neurotrauma2019
A Serum Protein Biomarker Panel Improves Outcome Prediction in Human Traumatic Brain Injury.
Observational study in Journal of neurotrauma, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fluid Biomarkers of Cognitive Impairments Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Association between neurofilament light chain concentrations and outcomes in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- S100B, GFAP, UCH-L1 and NSE as predictors of abnormalities on CT imaging following mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy.Neurosurgical review · 2022Pooled it
- GFAP and S100B: What You Always Wanted to Know and Never Dared to Ask.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Serum biomarkers of brain injury after uncomplicated cardiac surgery: Secondary analysis from a randomized trial.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2022Trial
- Blood biomarkers on admission in acute traumatic brain injury: Relations to severity, CT findings and care path in the CENTER-TBI study.EBioMedicine · 2020Trial
- Pathophysiology-guided biomarkers and therapeutics for precision trauma medicine in polytrauma with musculoskeletal injuries.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Mild and repetitive mild traumatic brain injury: Changes in microglial cells and synapses.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- The molecular ICU: a primer on omics, informatics and the future of precision critical care.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Review
- Management and outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury treated in three major Nordic intensive care units: a comparative cohort study.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- Proteomic blood-based biomarkers of brain damage in traumatic brain injury: are they suitable surrogate endpoints for cerebral pressure autoregulatory-guided therapy?Critical care (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Beyond the bone flap: integrating biomarkers, imaging, and emerging technologies in the surgical continuum of acute subdural hematoma (ASDH).Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Research progress on biomarkers of traumatic brain injury.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Relationship Between Head Trauma History and Motor Subtype in Early Parkinson's Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Protein Predictors of Worsening Cerebral Edema in Traumatic Brain Injury in Critically Ill Patients.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Serum Biomarkers in Paediatric Neurosurgery: Traumatic Brain Injury and Beyond.Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Temporal Dynamics of Inflammatory, Glial, and Metabolic Biomarkers Following Severe Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury in a Rat Model.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Association of Marshall CT Scores with GFAP, UCH-L1, Tau, NfL, and p-Tau231 After Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Poor Correlation Between Inflammatory and Brain Injury Biomarkers After Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Pilot Study.World neurosurgery · 2025Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain-enriched protein biomarkers of tissue fate are being introduced clinically to aid in traumatic brain injury (TBI) management. The aim of this study was to determine how concentrations of six different protein biomarkers, measured in samples collected during the first weeks after TBI, relate to injury severity and outcome. We included neurocritical care TBI patients that were prospectively enrolled from 2007 to 2013, all having one to three blood samples drawn during the first 2 weeks. The biomarkers analyzed were S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), tau, and neurofilament-light (NF-L). Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) was assessed at 12 months. In total, 172 patients were included. All serum markers were associated with injury severity as classified on computed tomography scans at admission. Almost all biomarkers outperformed other known outcome predictors with higher levels the first 5 days, correlating with unfavorable outcomes, and UCH-L1 (0.260, pseduo-
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.