ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Sex-Dependent Effects of Perinatal Inflammation on the Brain: Implication for Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex difference of pre- and post-natal exposure to six developmental neurotoxicants on intellectual abilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of immune-based interventions for perinatal neuroprotection: closing the gap between animal studies and human trials.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Perinatal C-Reactive Protein Levels Detected in Deciduous Teeth Are Associated With Autism-Related Traits and Behavior Problems in School-Aged Children.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Global burden of intellectual disability attributable to preterm birth from 1990 to 2021 and projections.iScience · 2026Article
- Prenatal targeted maternal pregnancy metabolomic profiles, child emotional and behavioral problems, and autism related traits in the NYU CHES cohort.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Lcn2 deficiency leads to long-lasting social impairments independent of maternal immune activation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Systemic inflammatory mediators and neurodevelopmental outcomes in term infants: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- The Role of Cytokines in the Development and Functioning of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Mammals in Normal and Pathological Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Prenatal Inflammation Reprograms Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis Development in Female Rats.Inflammation · 2025Article
- DNA Methylation, Inflammation, and Neurobehavior in Preterm Infants.Biological research for nursing · 2024Article
- Maternal immune response during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes: A longitudinal approach.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Timed fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia cause cortical white matter injury, interneuron imbalances, and behavioral deficits in a double-hit rat model of encephalopathy of prematurity.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- The role of microglia in early neurodevelopment and the effects of maternal immune activation.Seminars in immunopathology · 2024Review
- Immune-Neurovascular Interactions in Experimental Perinatal and Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke.Stroke · 2024Review
- Brain Maturation as a Fundamental Factor in Immune-Neurovascular Interactions in Stroke.Translational stroke research · 2024Review
- Prenatal sleep health and risk of offspring ADHD symptomatology and associated phenotypes: a prospective analysis of timing and sex differences in the ECHO cohort.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2023Article
- Peripheral Inflammatory Markers in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder at Adolescent Age.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Progressive inflammation reduces high-frequency EEG activity and cortical dendritic arborisation in late gestation fetal sheep.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Kaixin Jieyu Granule attenuates neuroinflammation-induced depressive-like behavior through TLR4/PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway: a study of network pharmacology and experimental validation.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Individuals born preterm have higher rates of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia, autistic spectrum, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders. These conditions are often sexually dimorphic and with different developmental trajectories. The etiology is likely multifactorial, however, infections both during pregnancy and in childhood have emerged as important risk factors. The association between sex- and age-dependent vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders has been suggested to relate to immune activation in the brain, including complex interactions between sex hormones, brain transcriptome, activation of glia cells, and cytokine production. Here, we will review sex-dependent effects on brain development, including glia cells, both under normal physiological conditions and following perinatal inflammation. Emphasis will be given to sex-dependent effects on brain regions which play a role in neuropsychiatric disorders and inflammatory reactions that may underlie early-life programming of neurobehavioral disturbances later in life.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.