ArticlePloS one2019
Risk factors for herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation: Cross-sectional studies among EPIC-Norfolk participants.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Viral Spectrum of Herpetic Keratitis: A 15-Year Retrospective Analysis from Switzerland.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Case Report: Sequential mNGS captures fatal HSV-1 reactivation after intestinal obstruction-associated ARDS in a 91-year-old.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- HSV-1 as a Potential Driver of Alzheimer's Disease.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Elevated Serum Presepsin Identifies Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Reactivation in COVID-19 Patients.Viruses · 2025Article
- The role of viruses in oral mucosal lesions.Periodontology 2000 · 2024Review
- Time trends in herpesvirus seroepidemiology among Swedish adults.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Herpes simplex virus and rates of cognitive decline or whole brain atrophy in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Article
- Multi-phenotype analysis for enhanced classification of 11 herpes simplex virus 1 strains.The Journal of general virology · 2022Article
- Long-term time trends in reactivated herpes simplex infections and treatment in Sweden.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Herpesviruses and their genetic diversity in the blood virome of healthy individuals: effect of aging.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2022Article
- Antiherpetic drugs: a potential way to prevent Alzheimer's disease?Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and Dentistry in 72 Questions: An Overview of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- How to deal with coronavirus disease 2019: A comprehensive narrative review about oral involvement of the disease.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2021Review
- Association of Viral Infections With Oral Cavity Lesions: Role of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Review
- Clinical strategies to prevent recurrence of Herpes simplex and Herpes zoster following ocular surgery: A comprehensive review with practical guidelines.Survey of ophthalmologyReview
- Dementia and cognitive impairment in adults as sequels of HSV-1-related encephalitis: a review.Dementia & neuropsychologiaReview
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of, and risk factors for, herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection and reactivation in older individuals are poorly understood.
methodsThis is a prospective population-based study among community-dwelling individuals aged 40-79 years, followed from 1993, formed as a random subsample of the UK-based EPIC-Norfolk cohort. HSV-1 seropositivity was derived from immunoglobulin G measurements and frequent oro-labial HSV reactivation was self-reported. We carried out two cross-sectional studies using logistic regression to investigate childhood social and environmental conditions as risk factors for HSV-1 seropositivity and comorbidities as risk factors for apparent HSV oro-labial reactivation.
resultsOf 9,929 participants, 6310 (63.6%) were HSV-1 IgG positive, and 870 (of 4,934 seropositive participants with reactivation data) experienced frequent oro-labial reactivation. Being born outside the UK/Ireland, contemporaneous urban living and having ≥4 siblings were risk factors for HSV-1 seropositivity. Ever diagnosed with kidney disease, but no other comorbidities, was associated with an increased risk of frequent HSV reactivation (adjOR 1.87, 95%CI: 1.02-3.40). DISCUSSION: Apparent HSV-1 seropositivity and clinical reactivation are common within an ageing UK population. HSV-1 seropositivity is socially patterned while risk factors for oro-labial HSV reactivation are less clear. Further large studies of risk factors are needed to inform HSV-1 control strategies.
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