Trial reportThe British journal of dermatology2019
Optimal sunscreen use, during a sun holiday with a very high ultraviolet index, allows vitamin D synthesis without sunburn.
Trial report in The British journal of dermatology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- A pilot clinical trial to explore the effects of UV exposure on vitamin D synthesis and inflammatory responses in vitamin D-Deficient adults.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Innovative digital solution supporting sun protection and vitamin D synthesis by using satellite-based monitoring of solar radiation.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2022Trial
- Beyond total irradiance: a PCA-based filtering framework identifies wavelength-dependent biological signatures of sunlight exposure.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2026Article
- Natural Light Exposure as a Potential 7th Pillar of Lifestyle Medicine.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Potential insufficiency of vitamin D in healthy individuals: divergent performances of C3-epi-D3 levels and percentages.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Vitamin D and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multiple analysis of the nutritional status of children and adolescents in Western China.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- 25-Hydroxyvitamin DCommunications medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting Cathepsin B-mediated pyroptosis in fibroblasts alleviate ultraviolet-induced skin inflammation and injury.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Practical Recommendations for Indians on Sunscreen Use-A Modified Delphi Consensus by Indian Sunscreen Forum (PRISM-ISF).Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Photoaging: Current Concepts on Molecular Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2025Review
- Strategies for preventing bone loss in populations with insufficient calcium and vitamin D intake.Nutrition research and practice · 2025Review
- Can the use of vitamin D-fortified sunscreen cream be the solution to the vitamin D deficiency pandemic?Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- Physical activity, Vitamin D, and all-cause/cardiovascular mortality: a prospective study in older Chinese adults.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- [Vitamin D deficiency: positioning of the Medical Nutrition Research Unit].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2025Review
- Article
- Are Pediatric Cancer Patients a Risk Group for Vitamin D Deficiency? A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2024Review
- Differential performance regarding the relationship of C3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels and %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 with common pediatric diseases: a case control study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSunlight contains ultraviolet (UV)A and UVB radiation. UVB is essential for vitamin D synthesis but is the main cause of sunburn and skin cancer. Sunscreen use is advocated to reduce the sun's adverse effects but may compromise vitamin D status.
objectivesTo assess the ability of two intervention sunscreens to inhibit vitamin D synthesis during a week-long sun holiday.
methodsThe impact of sunscreens on vitamin D status was studied during a 1-week sun holiday in Tenerife (28° N). Comparisons were made between two formulations, each with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15. The UVA-protection factor (PF) was low in one case and high in the other. Healthy Polish volunteers (n = 20 per group) were given the sunscreens and advised on the correct application. Comparisons were also made with discretionary sunscreen use (n = 22) and nonholiday groups (51·8° N, n = 17). Sunscreen use in the intervention groups was measured. Behaviour, UV radiation exposure, clothing cover and sunburn were monitored. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
resultsUse of intervention sunscreens was the same (P = 0·60), and both equally inhibited sunburn, which was present in the discretionary use group. There was an increase (P < 0·001) in mean ± SD 25(OH)D
conclusionsSunscreens may be used to prevent sunburn yet allow vitamin D synthesis. A high UVA-PF sunscreen enables significantly higher vitamin D synthesis than a low UVA-PF sunscreen because the former, by default, transmits more UVB than the latter. What's already known about this topic? Action spectra (wavelength dependence) for erythema and the cutaneous formation of vitamin D overlap considerably in the ultraviolet (UV)B region. Theoretically, sunscreens that inhibit erythema should also inhibit vitamin D synthesis. To date, studies on the inhibitory effects of sunscreens on vitamin D synthesis have given conflicting results, possibly, in part, because people typically apply sunscreen suboptimally. Many studies have design flaws. What does this study add? Sunscreens (sun protection factor, SPF 15) applied at sufficient thickness to inhibit sunburn during a week-long holiday with a very high UV index still allow a highly significant improvement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.