ReviewNeurotoxicity research2019
Creatine as a Neuroprotector: an Actor that Can Play Many Parts.
Review in Neurotoxicity research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis of the effects and relationship between guanidinoacetic acid and the growth performance of broiler chickens.Poultry science · 2026Pooled it
- Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and metabolic alterations in the progression of Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.Ageing research reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Susceptibility to mild and severe acute mountain sickness is associated with distinct urine metabolite profiles.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- ATP Metabolism of Astrocytes: Consumption, Regeneration and Restoration.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- Impact of Creatine Supplementation on the Quality and Storage Characteristics of Emulsified Pork Sausages.Food science of animal resources · 2025Article
- Creatine as a mitochondrial theranostic in predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine.The EPMA journal · 2025Review
- Alterations of amino acids in older adults with Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia.Amino acids · 2025Article
- Article
- Mini-encyclopedia of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals protecting health in primary and secondary care-clinically relevant 3PM innovation.The EPMA journal · 2024Article
- Psychiatric Manifestations in Children and Adolescents with Inherited Metabolic Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Modulation of Cellular Levels of Adenosine Phosphates and Creatine Phosphate in Cultured Primary Astrocytes.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- Ligand-Screened Cerium-Based MOF Microcapsules Promote Nerve Regeneration via Mitochondrial Energy Supply.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Diagnosis and Treatment of X-Linked Creatine Transporter Deficiency: Case Report and Literature Review.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Review
- Diverse and Composite Roles of miRNA in Non-Neuronal Cells and Neuronal Synapses in Alzheimer's Disease.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy assessment of neonatal brain metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.NMR in biomedicine · 2022Article
- Nutritional approaches to counter performance constraints in high-level sports competition.Experimental physiology · 2021Review
- Creatine transporter deficiency impairs stress adaptation and brain energetics homeostasis.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Sex-Based Impact of Creatine Supplementation on Depressive Symptoms, Brain Serotonin and SSRI Efficacy in an Animal Model of Treatment-Resistant Depression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid that plays a central role as an energy buffer in high energy demanding systems, including the muscular and the central nervous system. It can be acquired from diet or synthesized endogenously, and its main destination is the system creatine/phosphocreatine that strengthens cellular energetics via a temporal and spatial energy buffer that can restore cellular ATP without a reliance on oxygen. This compound has been proposed to possess secondary roles, such as direct and indirect antioxidant, immunomodulatory agent, and possible neuromodulator. However, these effects may be associated with its bioenergetic role in the mitochondria. Given the fundamental roles that creatine plays in the CNS, several preclinical and clinical studies have tested the potential that creatine has to treat degenerative disorders. However, although in vitro and in vivo animal models are highly encouraging, most clinical trials fail to reproduce positive results suggesting that the prophylactic use for neuroprotection in at-risk populations or patients is the most promising field. Nonetheless, the only clearly positive data of the creatine supplementation in human beings are related to the (rare) creatine deficiency syndromes. It seems critical that future studies must establish the best dosage regime to increase brain creatine in a way that can relate to animal studies, provide new ways for creatine to reach the brain, and seek larger experimental groups with biomarkers for prediction of efficacy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.