ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Noninvasive imaging of tumor progression, metastasis, and fibrosis using a nanobody targeting the extracellular matrix.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 105 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bimodal nanobody agents for cancer imaging and potential intraoperative guidance: a systematic review.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Pooled it
- Site-Specific Labeling of PD-L1 Fab through Disulfide Rebridging for ImmunoPET Imaging.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Article
- Real-time single-particle imaging of functional lungs reveals mosaic-like patterns of aerosol deposition in alveoli.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Tumour Microenvironment-Informed Radiotheranostics: Why and How Nuclear Medicine Could Advance Precision Oncology in the Decade Ahead.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Targeting angiogenesis: advances in the design and engineered applications of nanobodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The molecular blueprint of targeted radionuclide therapy.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Pulmonary Fibrosis-Focusing on the Future: Aspen Lung Conference 2024 Summary.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Targeted degradation of endogenous YAP by nanobody bioPROTAC inhibits tumor progression.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Targeting RAGE with Nanobodies for Molecular Imaging of Cancers and Alzheimer's Disease.Advanced biology · 2025Article
- Harnessing Nanobodies for Precision Targeting of Proteoforms: Opportunities and Challenges in Therapeutics and Diagnostics.ACS chemical biology · 2025Review
- Mechanisms on How Matricellular Microenvironments Sustain Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring the mechanism of fibronectin extra domain B in the tumor microenvironment and implications for targeted immunotherapy and diagnostics (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Nanobodies targeting the tumor microenvironment and their formulation as nanomedicines.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- The fibronectin-targeting PEG-FUD imaging probe shows enhanced uptake during fibrogenesis in experimental lung fibrosis.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Fluorescein-based SynNotch adaptors for regulating gene expression responses to diverse extracellular and matrix-based cues.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of assembly and remodelling of the extracellular matrix.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2024Review
- Discovery of nanobodies: a comprehensive review of their applications and potential over the past five years.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment: Recent Advances in Immunotherapy.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Engineered Antibodies as Cancer Radiotheranostics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Single-Domain Antibodies as Antibody-Drug Conjugates: From Promise to Practice-A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2024Review
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition is a hallmark of many diseases, including cancer and fibroses. To exploit the ECM as an imaging and therapeutic target, we developed alpaca-derived libraries of "nanobodies" against disease-associated ECM proteins. We describe here one such nanobody, NJB2, specific for an alternatively spliced domain of fibronectin expressed in disease ECM and neovasculature. We showed by noninvasive in vivo immuno-PET/CT imaging that NJB2 detects primary tumors and metastatic sites with excellent specificity in multiple models of breast cancer, including human and mouse triple-negative breast cancer, and in melanoma. We also imaged mice with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in which NJB2 was able to detect not only PDAC tumors but also early pancreatic lesions called pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias, which are challenging to detect by any current imaging modalities, with excellent clarity and signal-to-noise ratios that outperformed conventional 2-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT imaging. NJB2 also detected pulmonary fibrosis in a bleomycin-induced fibrosis model. We propose NJB2 and similar anti-ECM nanobodies as powerful tools for noninvasive detection of tumors, metastatic lesions, and fibroses. Furthermore, the selective recognition of disease tissues makes NJB2 a promising candidate for nanobody-based therapeutic applications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.