Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31067999›Full record

Trial reportJournal of diabetes science and technology2019

Effect of Injection Site Cooling and Warming on Insulin Glargine Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.

Gabriel Bitton, Vital Rom, Uri Hadelsberg, Itamar Raz, Eda Cengiz, Stuart Weinzimer, William V Tamborlane

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07491133 (Effect of Ambient Temperature on Insulin Absorption and Change in Blood Glucose Levels in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 46% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07491133 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Ambient Temperature on Insulin Absorption and Change in Blood Glucose Levels in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorInstitut de Recherches Cliniques de MontrealRan2026 to 2027Enrolled30ConditionsType 1 Diabetes MellitusArmsEnvironmental Temperature Exposure
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Gabriel BittonInsuline Medical Ltd, Israel, Jerusalem, Israel.
Vital RomInsuline Medical Ltd, Israel, Jerusalem, Israel.
Uri HadelsbergInsuline Medical Ltd, Israel, Jerusalem, Israel.
Itamar RazDiabetes Unit, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
Eda CengizDepartment of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Stuart WeinzimerDepartment of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
William V TamborlaneDepartment of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Yale University · USHadassah Academic College · IL

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
Yale Diabetes Research CenterP30DK045735 · NIDDK · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Kevan C Herold, GERALD I SHULMAN · 1993 to 2026
$44.0M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK045735
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn type 1 diabetes (T1D), closed-loop systems provide excellent overnight fasting blood glucose control by adjusting the insulin infusion rate based on corresponding changes in sensor glucose levels. In patients on multiple daily insulin (MDI) injections, such control in overnight glucose levels has not been possible due to the inability to alter the absorption rate of long-acting insulin after injection. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that increases/decreases of fasting glucose levels could be achieved by cooling/warming the skin around the injection site, which would result in lower/higher Glargine absorption rates from its subcutaneous depot.

methodsFourteen subjects with T1D (4 females; age 39.6 ± 16.7 years, HbA1c 7.8 ± 1.1%, BMI 25.4 ± 2.8 kg/m

resultsCooling the skin around the glargine injection site reduced insulin concentrations by >40% (

conclusionsThis proof of concept study has shown that cooling and warming the skin around the injection site provides a means to decrease and increase the rate of absorption and action of insulin glargine from its subcutaneous depot.

Indexed as

AdultBlood GlucoseCold TemperatureCross-Over StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1FemaleGlycated HemoglobinHot TemperatureHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin GlargineMaleMiddle AgedSkin TemperatureYoung AdultBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin Glargineartificial pancreasbasal insulinclosed loop controlglucose controlInsuline pharmacodynamicsinsulin glargineinsulin pharmacokinetics

Identifiers

PMID31067999
PMCPMC6835184
OpenAlexW2943896078

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.