ArticlePharmaceutics2019
Penetration Efficiency of Antitumor Agents in Ovarian Cancer Spheroids: The Case of Recombinant Targeted Toxin DARPin-LoPE and the Chemotherapy Drug, Doxorubicin.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the Therapeutic Potential of MRT68921 and Afatinib in Three-Dimensional Models of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- Organoids and AI-integrated models in ovarian cancer research: the future of personalized therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Insights into spheroid formation: interaction of ovarian cancer cells with macrophage populations in the tumor microenvironment.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Assessment of Anticancer Effects of Aloe vera on 3D Liver Tumor Spheroids in a Microfluidic Platform.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2025Article
- Protective antigen-mediated delivery of an anti-CRISPR protein for precision genome editing.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- A polysaccharide-based hydrogel platform for tumor spheroid production and anticancer drug screening.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Identification of co-regulated genes associated with doxorubicin resistance in the MCF-7/ADR cancer cell line.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Far-Red Fluorescent Murine Glioma Model for Accurate Assessment of Brain Tumor Progression.Cancers · 2022Article
- Targeting Cancer Cell Tight Junctions Enhances PLGA-Based Photothermal Sensitizers' Performance In Vitro and In Vivo.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Carboplatin response in preclinical models for ovarian cancer: comparison of 2D monolayers, spheroids, ex vivo tumors and in vivo models.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Sonosensitizer-Functionalized Graphene Nanoribbons for Adhesion Blocking and Sonodynamic Ablation of Ovarian Cancer Spheroids.Advanced healthcare materials · 2021Article
- Natural and Designed Toxins for Precise Therapy: Modern Approaches in Experimental Oncology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- Antimicrobial Peptides as New Combination Agents in Cancer Therapeutics: A Promising Protocol against HT-29 Tumoral Spheroids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- UCNP-based Photoluminescent Nanomedicines for Targeted Imaging and Theranostics of Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Immune (Cell) Derived Exosome Mimetics (IDEM) as a Treatment for Ovarian Cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- Carboplatin sensitivity in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines: The impact of model systems.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The efficiency of delivering a therapeutic agent into a tumor is among the crucial factors determining the prospects for its clinical use. This problem is particularly acute in the case of targeted antitumor agents since many of them are high-molecular-weight compounds. In this work, the penetration of therapeutic agents of two distinct molecular weights into the spheroids of ovarian adenocarcinoma overexpressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) was studied. It was shown that the low-molecular-weight chemotherapy drug, doxorubicin (~0.5 kDa), effectively penetrates through almost the entire depth of a 300 to 400 μm spheroid, while the penetration depth of the HER2-specific recombinant targeted toxin, DARPin-LoPE (~42 kDa), is only a few surface layers of cells and does not exceed 70 μm. The low penetration of the targeted toxin into spheroid was shown along with a significant decrease in its efficiency against the three-dimensional tumor spheroid as compared with the two-dimensional monolayer culture. The approaches to increasing the accumulation of agents in the tumor are presented and prospects of their use in order to improve the effectiveness of therapy are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.