ArticlePloS one2019
Mammographic breast density and its association with urinary estrogens and the fecal microbiota in postmenopausal women.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of the Intake of Isoflavones on Risk Factors of Breast Cancer-A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Intervention Studies.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Body mass index-associated gut microbial taxa and functional pathways in women with benign and malignant breast disease.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- Early thelarche, reproductive hormones, and MRI-based breast density: a prospective study in China.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Bacterial metabolites: Effects on the development of breast cancer and therapeutic efficacy (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Gut and oral microbial compositional differences in women with breast cancer, women with ductal carcinomamSystems · 2024Article
- Exploring the impact of breast cancer on colonization resistance of mouse microbiota using network node manipulation.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Review
- The effect of an exopolysaccharide probiotic molecule fromFrontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Seasonal variations in the composition and functional profiles of gut microbiota reflect dietary changes in plateau pikas.Integrative zoology · 2022Article
- The involvement of oncobiosis and bacterial metabolite signaling in metastasis formation in breast cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2021Review
- Gut microbiome, body weight, and mammographic breast density in healthy postmenopausal women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2021Article
- The Association Between Breast Density and Gut Microbiota Composition at 2 Years Post-Menarche: A Cross-Sectional Study of Adolescents in Santiago, Chile.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Regulating Cancer Metabolism.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2020Review
- Article
- Article
- Endobolome, a New Concept for Determining the Influence of Microbiota Disrupting Chemicals (MDC) in Relation to Specific Endocrine Pathogenesis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreast density, as estimated by mammography, is a strong risk factor for breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women, but the determinants of breast density have not yet been established. The aim of this study was to assess if urinary estrogens or gut microbiota alterations are associated with mammographic density in postmenopausal women.
methodsAmong 54 cancer-free, postmenopausal controls in the Breast and Colon Health study, we classified low- versus high-density women with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS, 5th edition) mammographic screening data, then assessed associations with urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites (determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry), and fecal microbiota alpha and beta diversity (using Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons).
resultsMultiple logistic regression revealed no significant association between breast density and fecal microbiota metrics (PD_tree P-value = 0.82; un-weighted and weighted UniFrac P = 0.92 and 0.83, respectively, both by MiRKAT). In contrast, total urinary estrogens (and all 15 estrogens/estrogen metabolites) were strongly and inversely associated with breast density (P = 0.01) after adjustment for age and body mass index.
conclusionMammographic density was not associated with the gut microbiota, but it was inversely associated with urinary estrogen levels. IMPACT: The finding of an inverse association between urinary estrogens and breast density in cancer-free women adds to the growing breast cancer literature on understanding the relationship between endogenous estrogens and mammographic density.
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