ArticlePloS one2019
Costs associated with policies regarding alcohol use during pregnancy: Results from 1972-2015 Vital Statistics.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Alcohol and pregnancy: Benefits and harms of pregnancy-specific alcohol policies among maternal-infant dyads covered by Medicaid.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Associations Between State Alcohol Policy Environment and Infant and Maternal Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Mandatory warning signs for alcohol use during pregnancy and birth and infant outcomes in southern United States: a quasi-experimental study.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Alcohol Availability and Drink-Driving Policies and Admissions to Substance Use Disorder Treatment During Pregnancy.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
- Understanding the effects of alcohol policies on treatment admissions and birth outcomes among young pregnant people.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Trends in U.S. State Alcohol and Other Drug Use During Pregnancy Policies from 2016 to 2020: Policymaking in the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act Era.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Relationships between state-level general population alcohol policies and birth outcomes: Results from 1972-2019 vital statistics.PloS one · 2025Article
- Relationships Between Alcohol Policies and Infant Morbidities and Injuries.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Associations between alcohol taxes and varied health outcomes among women of reproductive age and infants.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2024Article
- Preserving Families of Children in Child Welfare with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities.Child welfare · 2023Article
- Associations between state-level general population alcohol policies and drinking outcomes among women of reproductive age: Results from 1984 to 2020 National Alcohol Surveys.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2023Article
- Association of Pregnancy-Specific Alcohol Policies With Infant Morbidities and Maltreatment.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Association of Mandatory Warning Signs for Cannabis Use During Pregnancy With Cannabis Use Beliefs and Behaviors.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Relationship between mandatory warning signs for cannabis use during pregnancy policies and birth outcomes in the Western United States.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- The Presence and Consequences of Abortion Aversion in Scientific Research Related to Alcohol Use during Pregnancy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveAs of 2016, 43 US states have policies regarding alcohol use during pregnancy. A recent study found that out of eight state-level alcohol/pregnancy policies, six are significantly associated with poorer birth outcomes, and two are not associated with any outcomes. Here we estimate the excess numbers of low birthweight (LBW) and preterm births (PTB) related to these policies and their associated additional costs in the first year of life.
methodsCost study using birth certificate data for 155,446,714 singleton live births in the United States between 1972-2015. Exposures were state- and month/year-specific indicators of having each of eight alcohol/pregnancy policies in place. Outcomes were excess numbers of LBW and PTB and associated costs in the first year of life. Fixed effects regressions with state-specific time trends were used for statistical analyses in 2018.
resultsIn 2015, policies mandating warning signs were associated with an excess of 7,375 LBW; policies defining alcohol use during pregnancy as child abuse/neglect were associated with an excess of 12,372 PTB; these excess adverse outcomes are associated with additional costs of $151,928,002 and $582,698,853 in the first year of life, respectively.
conclusionsMultiple state-level alcohol pregnancy policies lead to increased prevalence of LBW and PTB, which cost hundreds of millions of dollars annually. Policymakers should consider adverse public health impacts of alcohol/pregnancy policies before expanding extant policies to new substances or adopting existing policies in new states.
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