ArticleContemporary clinical trials2019
Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of WalkIT Arizona: A factorial randomized trial testing adaptive goals and financial reinforcement to increase walking across higher and lower walkable neighborhoods.
Article in Contemporary clinical trials, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- From the Compact City to the X-Minute neighborhood: A Systematic Review of the Health and Wellbeing Impacts of Sustainable Urban Development Models (SUDMs) on Women.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The moderating impact of neighborhood walkability on mHealth interventions to increase moderate to vigorous physical activity for insufficiently active adults in a randomized trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2023Trial
- Adaptive Goals and Reinforcement Timing to Increase Physical Activity in Adults: A Factorial Randomized Trial.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Trial
- Evaluating an Incentive-Based mHealth App for Physical Activity Promotion Using the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trial Model: Small Cohort Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Investigating the Role of the Environment on Physical Activity Interventions (the InSPACE Project): Protocol for a Pooled Secondary Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Optimizing a mobile just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) for weight loss in young adults: Rationale and design of the AGILE factorial randomized trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Article
- Crime-related perceptions and walking for recreation inside and outside one's home neighborhood.Health & place · 2024Article
- The Impact of Monetary Incentives on Delay Discounting Within a Year-Long Physical Activity Intervention.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2024Article
- Gamification of Behavior Change: Mathematical Principle and Proof-of-Concept Study.JMIR serious games · 2024Article
- Training Computers to See the Built Environment Related to Physical Activity: Detection of Microscale Walkability Features Using Computer Vision.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Social and built neighborhood environments and blood pressure 6 years later: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and the SOL CASAS ancillary study.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- Burstiness and Stochasticity in the Malleability of Physical Activity.Journal of sport & exercise psychology · 2021Article
- When physical activity meets the physical environment: precision health insights from the intersection.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2021Review
- Crime and physical activity measures from the SAFE and Fit Environments Study (SAFE): Psychometric properties across age groups.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Effects of Goal Type and Reinforcement Type on Self-Reported Domain-Specific Walking Among Inactive Adults: 2×2 Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2020Article
- Variable Magnitude and Frequency Financial Reinforcement is Effective at Increasing Adults' Free-Living Physical Activity.Perspectives on behavior science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Little change over the decades has been seen in adults meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines. Numerous individual-level interventions to increase MVPA have been designed, mostly static interventions without consideration for neighborhood context. Recent technologies make adaptive interventions for MVPA feasible. Unlike static interventions, adaptive intervention components (e.g., goal setting) adjust frequently to an individual's performance. Such technologies also allow for more precise delivery of "smaller, sooner incentives" that may result in greater MVPA than "larger, later incentives". Combined, these factors could enhance MVPA adoption. Additionally, a central tenet of ecological models is that MVPA is sensitive to neighborhood environment design; lower-walkable neighborhoods constrain MVPA adoption and maintenance, limiting the effects of individual-level interventions. Higher-walkable neighborhoods are hypothesized to enhance MVPA interventions. Few prospective studies have addressed this premise. This report describes the rationale, design, intervention components, and baseline sample of a study testing individual-level adaptive goal-setting and incentive interventions for MVPA adoption and maintenance over 2 years among adults from neighborhoods known to vary in neighborhood walkability. We scaled these evidenced-based interventions and tested them against static-goal-setting and delayed-incentive comparisons in a 2 × 2 factorial randomized trial to increase MVPA among 512 healthy insufficiently-active adults. Participants (64.3% female, M age = 45.5 ± 9.1 years, M BMI = 33.9 ± 7.3 kg/m
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