ArticleEpidemiology and infection2019
Decreasing case fatality rate following invasive pneumococcal disease, North East England, 2006-2016.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pneumococcal serotypes and their association with death risk in invasive pneumococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic factors for mortality in invasive pneumococcal disease in adult: a system review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Global distribution and characteristics of pneumococcal serotypes in adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Article
- Clinical characteristics and risk factors for poor outcomes of invasive pneumococcal disease in pediatric patients in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Protecting adults at risk of pneumococcal infection and influenza from exposure to SARS-CoV-2.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- Clinical characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors for mortality in paediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in Beijing, 2012-2017.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Relationship between serotypes, disease characteristics and 30-day mortality in adults with invasive pneumococcal disease.Infection · 2022Article
- Age-Dependent Serotype-Associated Case-Fatality Rate in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in the Autonomous Community of Madrid between 2007 and 2020.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Effectiveness of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Adults, Japan, 2013-2017.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Declining mortality following invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has been observed concurrent with a reduced incidence due to effective pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. However, with IPD now increasing due to serotype replacement, we undertook a statistical analysis to estimate the trend in all-cause 30-day case fatality rate (CFR) in the North East of England (NEE) following IPD. Clinical, microbiological and demographic data were obtained for all laboratory-confirmed IPD cases (April 2006-March 2016) and the adjusted association between CFR and epidemiological year estimated using logistic regression. Of the 2510 episodes of IPD included in the analysis, 486 died within 30 days of IPD (CFR 19%). Increasing age, male sex, a diagnosis of septicaemia, being in ⩾1 clinical risk groups, alcohol abuse and individual serotypes were independently associated with increased CFR. A significant decline in CFR over time was observed following adjustment for these significant predictors (adjusted odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.89-0.98; P = 0.003). A small but significant decline in 30-day all-cause CFR following IPD has been observed in the NEE. Nonetheless, certain population groups remain at increased risk of dying following IPD. Despite the introduction of effective vaccines, further strategies to reduce the ongoing burden of mortality from IPD are needed.
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