ArticleEpidemiology and infection2019
Case-case analyses of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis using routine national surveillance data in the United States - 2005-2015.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Giardiasis in Japan, the United States of America, and Europe from 2007 to 2023, highlighting a decline during the COVID-19 pandemic.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Outbreak ofEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of Human Cryptosporidiosis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding endemic infectious disease risk factors through traditional epidemiological tools is challenging. Population-based case-control studies are costly and time-consuming. A case-case analyses using surveillance data addresses these limitations by using resources more efficiently. We conducted a case-case analyses using routine surveillance data reported by 16 U.S. states (2005-2015), wherein reported cases of salmonellosis were used as a comparison group to identify exposure associations with reported cases of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis. Odds ratios adjusted for age and reporting state (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. A total of 10 704 cryptosporidiosis cases, 17 544 giardiasis cases, and 106 351 salmonellosis cases were included in this analyses. When compared with cases of salmonellosis, exposure to treated recreational water (aOR 4.7, 95% CI 4.3-5.0) and livestock (aOR: 3.2; 95% CI: 2.9-3.5) were significantly associated with cryptosporidiosis and exposure to untreated drinking (aOR 4.1, 95% CI 3.6-4.7) and recreational water (aOR 4.1, 95% CI 3.7-4.5) were associated with giardiasis. Our analyses shows that routine surveillance data with standardised exposure information can be used to identify associations of interest for cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis.
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