ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2019
Force of Infection and True Infection Rate of Dengue in Singapore: Implications for Dengue Control and Management.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The epidemiologic and economic burden of dengue in Singapore: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Adjacent spillover efficacy of Wolbachia for control of dengue: emulation of a cluster randomised target trial.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Adult dengue vaccination in a low transmission setting: A modelling study in Singapore.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Addressing Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Toward Dengue Fever, Vector Control, and Vaccine Acceptance Among the General Population in Singapore.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Ring vaccination and vector control as control strategies for potential yellow fever outbreak in an Asian city.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Epidemiological Trends and Predictive Modeling of Dengue Fever in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Countries.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Climate variation and serotype competition drive dengue outbreak dynamics in Singapore.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of dengue in the general population of a Chinese southwestern border city: a community-based cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal distribution of sustained dengue hotspots associated with climate and urbanisation in Singapore.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prognostic factors in severe dengue patients: A multi-center retrospective cohort study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Trends and cross-country inequalities in dengue, 1990-2021.PloS one · 2025Article
- Spatial patterns and clustering of dengue incidence in Mexico: Analysis of Moran's index across 2,471 municipalities from 2022 to 2024.PloS one · 2025Article
- Changes in transmission of Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in England inferred from seroprevalence data.eLife · 2023Article
- Singapore's 5 decades of dengue prevention and control-Implications for global dengue control.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Features of the urban environment associated with Aedes aegypti abundance in high-rise public apartments in Singapore: An environmental case-control study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Article
- Dengue and COVID-19: two sides of the same coin.Journal of biomedical science · 2022Review
- Projecting the SARS-CoV-2 transition from pandemicity to endemicity: Epidemiological and immunological considerations.PLoS pathogens · 2022Review
- Prediction of dengue fever outbreaks using climate variability and Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques in a stochastic susceptible-infected-removed model.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Estimating the annual dengue force of infection from the age of reporting primary infections across urban centres in endemic countries.BMC medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
National data on dengue notifications do not capture all dengue infections and do not reflect the true intensity of disease transmission. To assess the true dengue infection rate and disease control efforts in Singapore, we conducted age-stratified serosurveys among residents after a 2013 outbreak that was the largest dengue outbreak on record. The age-weighted prevalence of dengue immunoglobulin G among residents was 49.8% (95% confidence interval: 48.4, 51.1) in 2013 and 48.6% (95% confidence interval: 47.0, 50.0) in 2017; prevalence increased with age. Combining these data with those from previous serosurveys, the year-on-year estimates of the dengue force of infection from 1930 to 2017 revealed a significant decrease from the late 1960s to the mid-1990s, after which the force of infection remained stable at approximately 10 per 1,000 persons per year. The reproduction number (R0) had also declined since the 1960s. The reduction in dengue transmission may be attributed to the sustained national vector program and partly to a change in the age structure of the population. The improved estimated ratio of notified cases to true infections, from 1:14 in 2005-2009 to 1:6 in 2014-2017, signifies that the national notification system, which relies on diagnosed cases, has improved over time. The data also suggest that the magnitudes of dengue epidemics cannot be fairly compared across calendar years and that the current disease control program remains applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.