Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31062522›Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2019

Direct costs of both inpatient and outpatient care for all type cancers: The evidence from Beijing, China.

Xuejun Yin, Yue Xu, Xiaowei Man, Liming Liu, Yan Jiang, Liying Zhao, Wei Cheng

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xuejun YinThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Yue XuCollege of Administration, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Xiaowei ManCollege of Administration, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Liming LiuCollege of Administration, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Yan JiangCollege of Administration, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Liying ZhaoCollege of Administration, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Wei ChengCollege of Administration, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5916-2141

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCancer is a major public health issue worldwide. The cost of cancer care imposes a substantial economic burden on society and patient, but it has not been thoroughly studied in China. This study aimed to describe direct cost and cost elements of all cancer types by different beneficial characteristics.

methodsThe research was a retrospective observational study based on inpatient and outpatient records with a primary diagnosis of cancer from 31 hospitals in 2016. Total cost and cost per time were analyzed by cancer type, sources (prescription medicines, consumables fee for diagnosis and surgery, and other health services), and beneficial characteristics (gender and age).

resultsA total of 30 224 eligible inpatient admissions and 485 391 outpatient visits were identified during the study period. Inpatient care costs account for 58.6% cancer treatment costs. Nearly 70% of the total expenditure is spent on patients aged 50-79 years. Lung cancer had the highest economic cost (15% of overall cancer costs), followed by breast cancer (12%), and colorectal cancer (10%). Anticancer drug cost accounted a large proportion in both inpatient (37.7%) and outpatient care (64.6%). The average cost per inpatient admission was estimated to be $4590.1 (5621.9), ranging from $1157.7 (1349.8) for testis cancer to $7975 (7343.9) for stomach cancer. The regression analyses revealed that length of hospital stay, cancer type, age, payment type, and hospital level were highly correlated with the expenditure per admission (P < 0.001).

conclusionsThe cancer care cost is substantial and varies with cancer type. Our findings provide important information for health service planning, allowing more efficient allocation of health resources for the care of people with cancer.

Indexed as

Health Care CostsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsAmbulatory CareChildChild, PreschoolChinaFemaleGeography, MedicalHealth ExpendituresHospitalizationHumansInpatientscancerChinacost analysishealthcare utilizationreal world data

Identifiers

PMID31062522
PMCPMC6558587

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.