ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2019
Differences in norms towards the use of nicotine vaping products among adult smokers, former smokers and nicotine vaping product users: cross-sectional findings from the 2016 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reasons for not using e-cigarettes among adults who smoke: findings from the 2019-2021 Euromonitor International's Voice of the Consumer: Nicotine Survey in 20 countries.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Modification Mechanisms of Descriptive Norm Perceptions Toward Vaping: The Role of Behavior Prevalence and Group Size in an Online Setting.Health communication · 2025Article
- Correlates of perceived social unacceptability of vaping among regular e-cigarette users: a cross-sectional study of a sample of Middle Eastern countries.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Differences in Normative Beliefs and Tobacco Product Use by Age Among Adults Who Smoke: Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample.Substance use & addiction journal · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Do Social Norms for Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine Vaping Product Use Predict Trying Nicotine Vaping Products and Attempts to Quit Cigarette Smoking Amongst Adult Smokers? Findings From the 2016-2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Risk Factors and Perceptions of E-Cigarette Use Among Selected Users in Johannesburg, South Africa.Journal of community health · 2021Article
- Social norms for e-cigarettes and smoking: associations with initiation of e-cigarette use, intentions to quit smoking and quit attempts: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys.European journal of public health · 2020Article
- Social norms towards smoking and vaping and associations with product use among youth in England, Canada, and the US.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- Predicting the future of smoking in a rapidly evolving nicotine market-place.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo examine whether norms towards nicotine vaping product (NVP) use varied between Australia, Canada, England and the United States and by socio-demographics, smoking and NVP status.
designCross-sectional data from the 2016 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.
settingFour countries with distinct regulatory policies relating to the sale and advertising of NVPs: Australia (most restrictive), Canada (restrictive), England and the United States (least restrictive).
participantsA total of 10900 adult (age 18+) current smokers, former smokers, or at least weekly NVP users. Respondents were from Australia (n = 1366), Canada (n = 3309), England (n = 3835) and the United States (n = 2390). MEASUREMENTS: Questions permitted the categorization of respondents as current smokers, former smokers, NVP users and socio-demographic categories (sex, age, country, ethnicity, income and education). Further questions were asked regarding the frequency of exposure to NVPs in public, whether they had a partner or close friends who vaped and whether they believed society or those considered important to them approved of NVPs.
findingsAdjusting for relevant covariates, compared with Australian respondents, those in England, Canada and the United States were more likely to report frequent exposure to NVPs in public (83.1%, 57.3% and 48.3%, respectively, compared to 19.8% in Australia; P < 0.0001), having a partner who vaped (13.8%, 7.1% and 7.7%, respectively, compared to 2.1% in Australia; P < 0.0001) and having close friend(s) who vaped (31.7%, 25.3%, 20.9%, respectively, compared to 10.0% in Australia; P < 0.0001). Compared with Australian respondents, respondents from England were more likely to report that society (27.6% compared to 12.3% in Australia; P < 0.0001) and people important to them approved of NVP use (28.9% compared to 14.3% in Australia; P < 0.0001).
conclusionsNorms towards nicotine vaping product (NVP) use appear to vary among countries with different regulatory contexts regarding sales and advertising.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.