ReviewAdvances in experimental medicine and biology2019
The Full Spectrum of Alzheimer's Disease Is Rooted in Metabolic Derangements That Drive Type 3 Diabetes.
Review in Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Impaired Brain Incretin and Gut Hormone Expression in Human Alcohol-Related Brain Damage: Opportunities for Therapeutic Targeting.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Frequency of Microvascular Pathology and Hippocampal Atrophy on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Community Study of Alzheimer's Disease with Blood-Based Biomarkers.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- BACE1 at the crossroads of a vicious circle between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in dementia · 2025Review
- Amino Acid Compound 2 (AAC2) Treatment Counteracts Insulin-Induced Synaptic Gene Expression and Seizure-Related Mortality in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Molecular landscape of the overlap between Alzheimer's disease and somatic insulin-related diseases.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Chronically Increased Levels of Circulating Insulin Secondary to Insulin Resistance: A Silent Killer.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Brain Metabolism in Health and Neurodegeneration: The Interplay Among Neurons and Astrocytes.Cells · 2024Review
- Alzheimer's disease, a metabolic disorder: Clinical advances and basic model studies (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Review
- Agent Orange Herbicidal Toxin-Initiation of Alzheimer-Type Neurodegeneration.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Conquering Insulin Network Dysfunctions in Alzheimer's Disease: Where Are We Today?Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Review
- Dysregulated mTOR networks in experimental sporadic Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Metformin: The Winding Path from Understanding Its Molecular Mechanisms to Proving Therapeutic Benefits in Neurodegenerative Disorders.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Transcriptomic Downregulation of APOE, Polymorphic Variations of APOE, Diet, Social Isolation, and Co-morbidities as Contributing Factors to Alzheimer's Disease: a Case-Control Study of Kashmiri Population.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Hot Spots for the Use of Intranasal Insulin: Cerebral Ischemia, Brain Injury, Diabetes Mellitus, Endocrine Disorders and Postoperative Delirium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cerebrovascular insulin receptors are defective in Alzheimer's disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Agent Orange Causes Metabolic Dysfunction and Molecular Pathology Reminiscent of Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2023Article
- Exploring the common pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitusFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Association of overexpressed carboxyl-terminal amyloid precursor protein in brains with altered glucose metabolism and liver toxicity.Animal cells and systems · 2023Article
- Malignant Brain Aging: The Formidable Link Between Dysregulated Signaling Through Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Pathways and Alzheimer's Disease (Type 3 Diabetes).Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
The standard practice in neuropathology is to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on the distribution and abundance of neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ deposits. However, other significant abnormalities including neuroinflammation, gliosis, white matter degeneration, non-Aβ microvascular disease, and insulin-related metabolic dysfunction require further study to understand how they could be targeted to more effectively remediate AD. This review addresses non-Aβ and non-pTau AD-associated pathologies, highlighting their major features, roles in neurodegeneration, and etiopathic links to deficits in brain insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling and cognitive impairment. The discussion delineates why AD with its most characteristic clinical and pathological phenotypic profiles should be regarded as a brain form of diabetes, i.e., type 3 diabetes, and entertains the hypothesis that type 3 diabetes is just one of the categories of insulin resistance diseases that can occur independently or overlap with one or more of the others, including type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.