ArticleBioMed research international2019
Anatomical Variations of the Pectoralis Major Muscle: Notes on Their Impact on Pectoral Nerve Innervation Patterns and Discussion on Their Clinical Relevance.
Article in BioMed research international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the effects of one-level and bi-level pre-incisional erector spinae plane block on postoperative acute pain in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Trial
- Atypical Origin of the Pectoral Nerves: Morphological Insights for Orthopedic, Reconstructive, and Trauma Surgeons.Cureus · 2026Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging of pectoralis major injuries: a radiologist's essential guide.Emergency radiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Optimizing Recovery: A Systematic Scoping Review of Upper Extremity Exercise Immediately after Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Implantation.Cardiology · 2025Article
- Muscular variant presenting as an asymmetry on mammogram.Radiology case reports · 2022Article
- Invited Discussion on: Breast Augmentation in Athletic Women-A Retrospective Survey Assessing Pectoral Muscle Function and Implant Aesthetics Post Augmentation.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2022Article
- Variations in the anterior thoracic wall with sternalis muscle and accessory pectoralis major muscle.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2022Article
- Thickness of the Deltoid Muscle and Location of the Anterior Branch of the Axillary Nerve and the Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery for Deltoid Injections.BioMed research international · 2022Article
- Localization of nerve entry points and the center of intramuscular nerve-dense regions in the adult pectoralis major and pectoralis minor and its significance in blocking muscle spasticity.Journal of anatomy · 2021Article
- The clinical anatomy of variations of the pectoralis minor.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2021Review
- Biomechanics of the human thumb and the evolution of dexterity.Current biology : CB · 2021Article
- A Novel Approach to New-Onset Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain With Decreased Range of Motion Using Targeted Diagnostic Nerve Blocks: The ViVe Algorithm.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Case Report: Perspective of a Caregiver on Functional Outcomes Following Bilateral Lateral Pectoral Nerve Cryoneurotomy to Treat Spasticity in a Pediatric Patient With Cerebral Palsy.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2021Article
- An unusual finding of the pectoralis major muscle: decussation of sternal fibers across the midline.Anatomy & cell biology · 2020Article
- Surgical anatomy of the pectoralis major tendon insertion revisited: relationship to nearby structures and the pectoral eminence for defining the anatomic footprint.JSES international · 2020Article
- A Rare Case of Bilateral Pectoralis Major Muscle Defect and Abnormal Muscle.Case reports in oncologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe presented study attempts to classify individual anatomical variants of the pectoralis major muscle (PM), including rare and unusual findings. Rare cases of muscular anomalies involving the PM or its tendon have been presented. An attempt has also been made to determine whether anatomical variations of the PM may affect the innervation pattern of the lateral and medial pectoral nerves. MATERIAL AND
methodsThe research was carried out on 40 cadavers of both sexes (22 males, 18 females), owing to which 80 PM specimens were examined.
resultsTypical PM structure was observed in 63.75% of specimens. The most frequently observed variation was a separate clavicular portion of the PM. In one female cadaver (2.5% of specimens) the hypotrophy of the clavicular portion of the PM was noticed. In two male cadavers (5% of specimens) the fusion between the clavicular portion of the PM and the deltoid muscle was observed. In one of those cadavers, small sub-branches of the lateral pectoral nerve bilaterally joined the clavicular portion of the deltoid muscle. The detailed intramuscular distribution of certain nerve sub-branches was visualized by Sihler's stain. PM is mainly innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve. In all specimens stained by Sihler's technique, the contribution of the intercostal nerves in PM innervation was confirmed.
conclusionsSurgeons should be aware of anatomic variations of the PM both in planning and in conducting surgeries of the pectoral region.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.