Non-response and external validity in a school-based quasi-experimental study 'The Healthy Primary School of the Future': A cross-sectional assessment.

E A Boudewijns, J J S Pepels, D van Kann, K Konings, C P van Schayck, M Willeboordse

Registry-linked trialAbstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02800616 (The Healthy Elementary School of the Future), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

5citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02800616 nacompletednot on this map

The Healthy Elementary School of the Future

TypeinterventionalSponsorMaastricht UniversityRan2015 to 2020Enrolled2,349ConditionsOverweight, Physical Activity, Malnutrition, Child DevelopmentArmsThe Healthy Primary School of the Future, The Physical Activity School

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

Can the Healthy Primary School of the Future offer perspective in the ongoing obesity epidemic in young children? A Dutch quasi-experimental study.BMJ open · 2019
Trial
Food for thought? The effects of the Healthy Primary School of the Future on children's educational outcomes.PloS one · 2026
Article
Battling the obesity epidemic with a school-based intervention: Long-term effects of a quasi-experimental study.PloS one · 2022
Article
The Effects of the Healthy Primary School of the Future on Children's Fruit and Vegetable Preferences, Familiarity and Intake.Nutrients · 2021
Article
Unravelling the Effects of the Healthy Primary School of the Future: For Whom and Where Is It Effective?Nutrients · 2019
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

E A BoudewijnsDepartment of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.

J J S PepelsDepartment of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.

D van KannSchool of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Theo Koomenlaan 3, 5644 HZ Eindhoven, the Netherlands.

K KoningsPublic Health Service Southern Limburg, Het Overloon 2, 6411 TE Heerlen, the Netherlands (GGD Zuid Limburg).

C P van SchayckDepartment of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.

M WilleboordseDepartment of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Limited evidence is available about (non)-representativeness of participants in health-promoting interventions. The Dutch Healthy Primary School of the Future (HPSF)-study is a school-based study aiming to improve health through altering physical activity and dietary behaviour, that started in 2015 (registered in ClinicalTrials.gov on 14-06-2016, NCT02800616). The study has a response rate of 60%. A comprehensive non-responder analysis was carried out, and responders were compared with schoolchildren from the region and the Netherlands using a cross-sectional design. External sources were consulted to collect non-responder, regional, and national data regarding relevant characteristics including sex, demographics, health, and lifestyle. The Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney

Indexed as

BMI, Body Mass IndexCBS, Statistics Netherlands (Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek)DUO, Dutch Education Executive Agency (Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs)External validityGDPR, General Data Protection RegulationGGD, Regional Public Health Services (Gemeentelijke Gezondheids Dienst Zuid Limburg)HPSF, Healthy Primary School of the FutureIOTF, International Obesity Task ForceJGZ, Youth Healthcare (Jeugd Gezondheidszorg)LifestyleNon-response biasOML, Educational Monitor Limburg (OnderwijsMonitor Limburg)RepresentativenessSchool-based studySDQ, Strength and Difficulties QuestionnaireSelection biasSES, Socio-economic statusVCP, Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (Voedsel Consumptie Peiling)

Identifiers

PMID31061783

DOI10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100874

PMCPMC6488530

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

NCT02800616ClinicalTrials.gov

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.