ReviewCancers2019
Beyond PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibition: What the Future Holds for Breast Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in Cancers, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Nur77 agonism invigorates Natural Killer cell immunity against hepatocellular carcinoma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Biopharmaceuticals for Cancer Treatment: An Update.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Integrated machine learning survival framework for consensus modeling in a large multicenter cohort of NSCLC resistant to aumolertinib.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The AML immune paradox: decoding escape pathways and pioneering checkpoint, vaccine, and combination strategies.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Nanobodies as innovative immune checkpoint modulators: advancing cancer immunotherapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics for Classification and Treatment Optimisation of Triple Negative Breast Cancer.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Resonance of fatty acid metabolism and immune infiltration in anti-PD-1 monotherapy for breast cancer.Translational oncology · 2024Article
- Crosstalk of cell death pathways unveils an autophagy-related gene AOC3 as a critical prognostic marker in colorectal cancer.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Isotoosendanin exerts inhibition on triple-negative breast cancer through abrogating TGF-Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Article
- Article
- Malignant mesothelioma tumours: molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapies accompanying clinical studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Artificial intelligence-driven consensus gene signatures for improving bladder cancer clinical outcomes identified by multi-center integration analysis.Molecular oncology · 2022Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Review
- Dissecting Tumor-Immune Microenvironment in Breast Cancer at a Spatial and Multiplex Resolution.Cancers · 2022Review
- ALOX12: A Novel Insight in Bevacizumab Response, Immunotherapy Effect, and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Novel Insights Into Mesothelioma Therapy: Emerging Avenues and Future Prospects.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- A Whole Exon Screening-Based Score Model Predicts Prognosis and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Effects in Low-Grade Glioma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- A new biological triangle in cancer: intestinal microbiota, immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibiotics.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has altered the management of human malignancies, improving outcomes in an expanding list of diseases. Breast cancer - presumably due to its perceived low immunogenicity - is a late addition to this list. Furthermore, most of the focus has been on the triple negative subtype because of its higher tumor mutational load and lymphocyte-enriched stroma, although emerging data show promise on the other breast cancer subtypes as well. To this point the clinical use of immunotherapy is limited to the inhibition of two immune checkpoints, Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4). Consistent with the complexity of the regulation of the tumor - host interactions and their lack of reliance on a single regulatory pathway, combinatory approaches have shown improved efficacy albeit at the cost of increased toxicity. Beyond those two checkpoints though, a large number of co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory molecules play major roles on tumor evasion from immunosurveillance. These molecules likely represent future targets of immunotherapy provided that the promise shown in early data is translated into improved patient survival in randomized trials. The biological role, prognostic and predictive implications regarding breast cancer and early clinical efforts on exploiting these immune-related therapeutic targets are herein reviewed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.