ReviewNutrients2019
Dietary Habits Bursting into the Complex Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases: The Emerging Role of Salt from Experimental and Clinical Studies.
Review in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary and Nutritional Factors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pathophysiology: A Scoping Review of the Evidence from In Vitro, In Vivo, and Human Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Novel Mechanisms Underlying Neutrophil Activation Induced by High Salt.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The association between dietary sodium density and Hashimoto's thyroiditis in US adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Sodium chloride promotes macrophage pyroptosis and aggravates rheumatoid arthritis by activating SGK1 through GABA receptors Slc6a12.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Article
- Benefits of Mediterranean and Japanese Diets among Nurses: A Scoping Literature Review.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2024Article
- Olive Oil and Nuts in Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Suppression of neutrophils by sodium exacerbates oxidative stress and arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Familial Mediterranean Fever and Diet: A Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Article
- Excessive Sodium Intake Leads to Cardiovascular Disease by Promoting Sex-Specific Dysfunction of Murine Heart.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- High dietary salt intake activates inflammatory cascades via Th17 immune cells: impact on health and diseases.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2022Article
- High Salt Induces a Delayed Activation of Human Neutrophils.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Association of Dietary Quality With Risk of Incident Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II.Arthritis care & research · 2021Article
- On the Role of Salt in Immunoregulation and Autoimmunity.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2021Article
- A Posteriori Dietary Patterns and Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity: A Beneficial Role of Vegetable and Animal Unsaturated Fatty Acids.Nutrients · 2020Observational
- Improved protection of filtering facepiece through inactivation of pathogens by hypertonic salt solutions - A possible COVID-19 prevention device.Preventive medicine reports · 2020Article
- High-salt diet decreases mechanical thresholds in mice that is mediated by a CCR2-dependent mechanism.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Article
- Article
- The contribution of diet preference to the disease course in children with familial Mediterranean fever: a cross-sectional study.Reumatologia · 2020Article
- Relationship of Excess Weight with Clinical Activity and Dietary Intake Deficiencies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients.Nutrients · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases have increased in Western countries over the last years. The pathogenesis of these disorders is multifactorial, with a combination of genetic and environmental factors involved. Since the epidemiological changes cannot be related to genetic background, which did not change significantly in that time, the role of environmental factors has been reconsidered. Among these, dietary habits, and especially an excessive salt, typical of processed foods, has been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize current evidence, deriving both from experimental models and clinical studies, on the capability of excessive salt intake to exacerbate proinflammatory responses affecting the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases. Data on several diseases are presented, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and Crohn's disease, with many of them supporting a proinflammatory effect of salt. Likewise, a hypertonic microenvironment showed similar effects in experimental models both in vivo and in vitro. However, murine models of spontaneous autoimmune polyneuropathy exposed to high salt diet suggest opposite outcomes. These results dictate the need to further analyse the role of cooking salt in the treatment and prevention of autoimmune diseases, trying to shape a fine tuning between the possible advantages of a restricted salt intake and the changes in circulating metabolites, mediators, and hormones which come along salt consumption and could in turn influence autoimmunity.
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