ArticleWorld psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)2019
Examining the independent and joint effects of molecular genetic liability and environmental exposures in schizophrenia: results from the EUGEI study.
Article in World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
- Linking Polygenic Risk of Schizophrenia to Variation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Measures: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Pooled it
- Schizophrenia Polygenic Risk and Experiences of Childhood Adversity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Nicotine use and psychoticism: A longitudinal co-twin control analysis.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2026Article
- Investigating Relationships Between Genetic Risk, Childhood Maltreatment, and Eating Disorders in Women.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Animal Models for Drug Discovery in Schizophrenia: A Critical View from a Clinical Perspective.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2026Review
- Exploration of Genetic Overlap of Brain Phenotypes With Schizophrenia: Different Methods Provide Complementary Insights.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the effect of childhood adversity and coping strategies on psychosis expression: A TwinssCan study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the independent and combined effects of genomic and exposomic risks for schizophrenia on distressing psychotic experiences: insights from the ABCD study.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Interaction between Neighborhood Exposome and Genetic Risk in Child Persistent Distressing Psychotic-like Experiences.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Identifying modifiable factors and their joint associations on late-onset schizophrenia risk in the UK Biobank: a prospective exposure-wide association study.BMJ mental health · 2025Article
- Polygenic and Polyenvironment Interplay in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder and Affective Psychosis; the EUGEI First Episode Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Causal Discovery Analysis Reveals Insights into Psychosis Proneness, Brain Function, and Environmental Factors among Young Individuals.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Exposome-Wide Gene-By-Environment Interaction Study of Psychotic Experiences in the UK Biobank.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Recent findings and future directions for the intersection of genetic and environmental contributions to schizophrenia.Genomic psychiatry : advancing science from genes to society · 2025Article
- Associations of polygenic risk score, environmental factors, and their interactions with the risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Genetic Susceptibility to the Environment Moderates the Impact of Childhood Experiences on Psychotic, Depressive, and Anxiety Dimensions.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Independent and joint effects of genomic and exposomic loads for schizophrenia on psychotic experiences in adolescents of European ancestry.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Demographic, Premorbid, and Clinical Characteristics of Schizophrenia Spectrum Patients with High and Low Polygenic Liability to the Disorder.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Changes in Incident Schizophrenia Diagnoses Associated With Cannabis Use Disorder After Cannabis Legalization.JAMA network open · 2025Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
44 authors at 20 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heritable complex phenotype associated with a background risk involving multiple common genetic variants of small effect and a multitude of environmental exposures. Early twin and family studies using proxy-genetic liability measures suggest gene-environment interaction in the etiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but the molecular evidence is scarce. Here, by analyzing the main and joint associations of polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ) and environmental exposures in 1,699 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 1,542 unrelated controls with no lifetime history of a diagnosis of those disorders, we provide further evidence for gene-environment interaction in schizophrenia. Evidence was found for additive interaction of molecular genetic risk state for schizophrenia (binary mode of PRS-SCZ above 75% of the control distribution) with the presence of lifetime regular cannabis use and exposure to early-life adversities (sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and bullying), but not with the presence of hearing impairment, season of birth (winter birth), and exposure to physical abuse or physical neglect in childhood. The sensitivity analyses replacing the a priori PRS-SCZ at 75% with alternative cut-points (50% and 25%) confirmed the additive interaction. Our results suggest that the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia involves genetic underpinnings that act by making individuals more sensitive to the effects of some environmental exposures.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.