ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2020
Education and Cognitive Decline: An Integrative Analysis of Global Longitudinal Studies of Cognitive Aging.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Different durations of cognitive stimulation therapy for Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical interventions in aging · 2019Pooled it
- Predicting attrition of men with a history of violence from randomised clinical trials.Trials · 2023Trial
- Resting state brain activity and association with transfer of cognitive training gains.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- Polygenic Resilience Scores are Associated With Lower Penetrance of Schizophrenia Risk Genes, Protection Against Psychiatric and Medical Disorders, and Enhanced Mental Well-Being and Cognition.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Low intrinsic capacity is associated with risk of developing mild cognitive impairment in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).GeroScience · 2026Article
- Cerebral amyloid associated with global cognition is differentially moderated by pulse pressure across education levels in The 90+ Study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Association Between Educational Attainment and Depressive Symptom Severity Among Young-Old Adults Aged 60-74 Years: The Mediating Role of Self-Reported Memory Function.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Childhood maltreatment and joint trajectories of social isolation and depression as predictors of cognitive impairment in late midlife: a prospective cohort study.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2026Article
- Coupled Changes in Daily Control Beliefs and Cognition: Variations by Education and Income.International journal of behavioral development · 2026Article
- Moderating effects of educational inequality on education polygenic scores, attained education and dementia-risk relationships.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Perception of facial trustworthiness in mild cognitive impairment.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Associations and interaction effects of socioeconomic, lifestyle, and genetic factors on intrinsic capacity.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- The Association of Thyroid Function on Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Cognitive Impairment.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Cognitive decline in U.S. military veterans: risk factors and clinical implications.Frontiers in dementia · 2026Article
- Intersectional approaches to cognitive aging: a practical guide to modeling heterogeneous trajectories with GLMM-trees.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Early-life rural disadvantage and executive function in adulthood: The role of income and education.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Nonlinear association between age and verbal fluency and moderation by adiposity: cross-sectional evidence from the Look Up 8+ study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- The Population Neuroscience-Dementia Syndemics Framework to better understand global sex and gender-based risk in low- and middle-income countries.Nature aging · 2026Review
- Article
- Different types of working after retirement on the changes in cognitive function among taiwanese retirees: 3-year follow-up study.BMC public health · 2025Article
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe objective of this study was to examine the association between education and incidence of accelerated cognitive decline.
methodsSecondary analyses of data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative prospective cohort study of U.S. residents were conducted (N = 28,417). Cox proportional hazards survival models were layered on longitudinal mixed-effects modeling to jointly examine healthy cognitive aging and incidence of accelerated cognitive decline consistent with patterns seen in preclinical Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Replication analyses were completed on a database including 62,485 additional respondents from HRS sister studies. Life expectancy ratios (LER) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.
resultsThis study replicated research showing that education was positively associated with cognition at baseline. Model fit improved using the survival method compared to random-slopes models alone. Analyses of HRS data revealed that higher education was associated with delayed onset of accelerated cognitive decline (LER = 1.031 95% CI = [1.013-1.015], p < 1E-06). Replication analyses using data from 14 countries identified similar results.
conclusionsThese results are consistent with cognitive reserve theory, suggesting that education reduces risk of ADRD-pattern cognitive decline. Follow-up work should seek to differentiate specific dementia types involved and consider potential mechanisms.
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