SynthesisPloS one2019
Health professional beliefs, knowledge, and concerns surrounding medicinal cannabis - A systematic review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabis use among cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Pooled it
- Physicians' experiences, attitudes, and beliefs towards medical cannabis: a systematic literature review.BMC family practice · 2021Pooled it
- Perceived Prescription Opioid and Medical Cannabis-Related Stigma Among US Adults With and Physicians Who Treat Chronic Pain.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Healthcare Providers' Acceptability of Cannabis And Cannabidiol to Manage Parkinson's Disease in France.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2026Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Clinical Experience with Cannabinoid Therapies: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Rheumatologists.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of Cannabis Use Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the U.S.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Ritual to relief: ethical frontiers in repurposing psychoactive substances.CNS spectrums · 2025Review
- Attitudes and expectations of primary care physicians regarding recreational cannabis legalization in Germany: a pre-implementation survey.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Article
- The cannabis-mind connection: a clinician's perspective on mental health practice, harm reduction, and racial equity.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Review
- Consumer perspectives of accessing medicinal cannabis treatment from cannabis clinics versus generalist health settings in Australia.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- The Role of Personal Cannabis Use in Physicians' Perceptions and Practices Regarding Medical Cannabis for Chronic Pain Management.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Clinicians' attitudes and knowledge of medicinal cannabis in opioid dependence treatment clinics in New South Wales, Australia.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Clinicians' Perspectives on Cannabis Use and Cannabis Treatment in Clients Undertaking Opioid Dependence Treatment.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- 'In the weeds': navigating the complex concerns, challenges and choices associated with medicinal cannabis consumption for endometriosis.Reproduction & fertility · 2025Article
- Neurologists' perspectives of cannabis-based medicines: results from an all-Ireland survey.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Article
- Utilization of medicinal hemp: a qualitative analysis of clinicians' perspectives in Ghana.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Medicinal Cannabis and Consumer Vulnerability in Australia: A Nexus of Policy and Market Factors.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- "Like the Wild West": Health care provider perspectives on impacts of recreational cannabis legalization on patients and providers at a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Ontario, Canada.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Article
- Hemp Extract (Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe number of jurisdictions allowing access to medicinal cannabis has been steadily increasing since the state of California introduced legislation in 1996. Although there is a high degree of legislative heterogeneity across jurisdictions, the involvement of a health professional is common among all. This places health professionals at the forefront of therapy, yet no systematic review of literature has offered insight into the beliefs, knowledge, and concerns of health professionals regarding medicinal cannabis.
methodsUsing a predetermined study protocol, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus databases were searched for studies indexed up to the 1st August 2018. Pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied uniformly. Screening for relevancy, full-text review, data extraction, and risk of bias were completed by two independent investigators. Risk of bias was assessed using CASP criteria (qualitative) and a modified domain-based risk assessment tool (quantitative).
resultsOf the 15,775 studies retrieved, 106 underwent full-text review and of these, 26 were included. The overall risk of bias was considered low across all included studies. The general impression was that health professionals supported the use of medicinal cannabis in practice; however, there was a unanimous lack of self-perceived knowledge surrounding all aspects of medicinal cannabis. Health professionals also voiced concern regarding direct patient harms and indirect societal harms.
conclusionThis systematic review has offered a lens through which to view the existing literature surrounding the beliefs, knowledge, and concerns of health professionals regarding medicinal cannabis. These results are limited, however, by the implicit common-sense models of behaviour utilised by the included studies. Before strategies can be developed and implemented to change health professional behaviour, a more thorough understanding of the factors that underpin the delivery of medicinal cannabis is necessary.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.